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cs.LG2026

TRACE: A Unified Rollout Budget Allocation Framework for Efficient Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Heming Zou, Qi Wang, Yun Qu +9

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a promising approach for enhancing reasoning and agentic behavior in large language models. However, rollout-intensive poli…

cs.LG2026

ADWIN: Adaptive Windows for Horizon-Aware On-Policy Distillation

Kun Liang, Chenming Tang, Clive Bai +3

On-policy distillation (OPD) transfers reasoning behavior by training a student on teacher feedback along student-generated trajectories, but standard full-rollout training ties ev…

cs.LG2026

RLVR Datasets and Where to Find Them: Tracing Data Lineage for Better Training Data

Hsiu-Yuan Huang, Weijie Liu, Chenming Tang +5

The proliferation of Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) datasets has exacerbated provenance collapse due to unclear lineage among existing datasets. To bridge th…

cs.LG2026

Listwise Policy Optimization: Group-based RLVR as Target-Projection on the LLM Response Simplex

Yun Qu, Qi Wang, Yixiu Mao +11

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard approach for large language models (LLMs) post-training to incentivize reasoning capacity. Among existin…

cs.LG2026

Debiased Model-based Representations for Sample-efficient Continuous Control

Jiafei Lyu, Zichuan Lin, Scott Fujimoto +5

Model-based representations recently stand out as a promising framework that embeds latent dynamics information into the representations for downstream off-policy actor-critic lear…

cs.LG2026

Democratizing Tool Learning with Environments Fully Simulated by a Free 8B Language Model

Chenming Tang, Hsiu-Yuan Huang, Weijie Liu +3

Reinforcement learning has become a prevalent paradigm for training tool calling agents, which typically requires online interactive environments. Existing approaches either rely o…

cs.LG2026

Learning beyond Teacher: Generalized On-Policy Distillation with Reward Extrapolation

Wenkai Yang, Weijie Liu, Ruobing Xie +3

On-policy distillation (OPD), which aligns the student with the teacher's logit distribution on student-generated trajectories, has demonstrated strong empirical gains in improving…

cs.LG2026

ORBIT: On-policy Exploration-Exploitation for Controllable Multi-Budget Reasoning

Kun Liang, Clive Bai, Xin Xu +5

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by leveraging long-form Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but uniformly applying overlong reasoning at inference tim…

cs.LG2025

DRIVE: Data Curation Best Practices for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward in Competitive Code Generation

Speed Zhu, Jianwei Cai, Guang Chen +3

Recent reasoning-first models (e.g., OpenAI o1, DeepSeek R1) have spurred a resurgence of interest in RLVR. Nevertheless, advances are dominated by mathematics (e.g., AIME), with c…

cs.LG2025

EntroPIC: Towards Stable Long-Term Training of LLMs via Entropy Stabilization with Proportional-Integral Control

Kai Yang, Xin Xu, Yangkun Chen +5

Long-term training of large language models (LLMs) requires maintaining stable exploration to prevent the model from collapsing into sub-optimal behaviors. Entropy is crucial in th…

cs.LG2025

Think Outside the Policy: In-Context Steered Policy Optimization

Hsiu-Yuan Huang, Chenming Tang, Weijie Liu +3

Existing Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have achieved remarkable progress in improving the reason…

cs.LG2025

Do Not Step Into the Same River Twice: Learning to Reason from Trial and Error

Chenming Tang, Hsiu-Yuan Huang, Weijie Liu +3

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly boosted the reasoning capability of language models (LMs). However, existing RLVR approaches train LMs based…

cs.LG2025

Thinking-Free Policy Initialization Makes Distilled Reasoning Models More Effective and Efficient Reasoners

Xin Xu, Cliveb AI, Clive Bai +5

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) effectively solves complex tasks but demands extremely long context lengths during training, leading to substantial computation…