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cs.CL2026

Scalable Token-Level Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models

Rui Min, Tianyu Pang, Chao Du +2

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but they still frequently produce hallucinations. These hallucinations are difficult to detect in reasoning-…

cs.CL2025

Think in Parallel, Answer as One: Logit Averaging for Open-Ended Reasoning

Haonan Wang, Chao Du, Kenji Kawaguchi +1

Majority voting has proven effective for close-ended question answering by aggregating parallel reasoning traces. However, it is not directly applicable to open-ended reasoning, su…

cs.CL2025

Variational Reasoning for Language Models

Xiangxin Zhou, Zichen Liu, Haonan Wang +5

We introduce a variational reasoning framework for language models that treats thinking traces as latent variables and optimizes them through variational inference. Starting from t…

cs.CL2025

Imperceptible Jailbreaking against Large Language Models

Kuofeng Gao, Yiming Li, Chao Du +4

Jailbreaking attacks on the vision modality typically rely on imperceptible adversarial perturbations, whereas attacks on the textual modality are generally assumed to require visi…

cs.CL2025

Language Models Can Learn from Verbal Feedback Without Scalar Rewards

Renjie Luo, Zichen Liu, Xiangyan Liu +5

LLMs are often trained with RL from human or AI feedback, yet such methods typically compress nuanced feedback into scalar rewards, discarding much of their richness and inducing s…

cs.CL2025

SkyLadder: Better and Faster Pretraining via Context Window Scheduling

Tongyao Zhu, Qian Liu, Haonan Wang +4

Recent advancements in LLM pretraining have featured ever-expanding context windows to process longer sequences. However, our pilot study reveals that models pretrained with shorte…

cs.CL2025

Unnatural Languages Are Not Bugs but Features for LLMs

Keyu Duan, Yiran Zhao, Zhili Feng +9

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been observed to process non-human-readable text sequences, such as jailbreak prompts, often viewed as a bug for aligned LLMs. In this work, we pr…