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20242026
most citedInternLM2 Technical Report

29 citations · 37 across the 45 of their papers we have counts for

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11 papers · 1 filter

cs.LG2026

A Few More Tokens Ahead: Reinforcing Parallelism in Diffusion LLMs

Jiahao Kuang, Yangfan Gao, Tao Gui +4

Parallel generation is widely regarded as an inherent advantage of diffusion large language models. Yet our fixed-quota evaluation of four representative models reveals severe degr…

cs.LG2026

Strategy Accumulation and Guided Execution for Automated LLM Fine-Tuning

Haoran Zhao, Wei Du, Dingwen Yang +7

Producing task-specific large language models requires discovering effective training strategies through experimentation. Automated fine-tuning systems have made this experimentati…

cs.LG2026

A Token-Level Analysis of Sampled-Token Reverse-KL On-Policy Distillation

Bing Shao, Jiazheng Zhang, Long Ma +12

On-policy distillation (OPD) supervises a student on its own trajectories with token-level signals from a frozen teacher, yet how a sampled loss allocates updates across tokens rem…

cs.LG2026

HSD: Hybrid Hindsight Self-Distillation

Qiye Cai, Yichuan Ma, Peiji Li +7

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) provides reliable outcome supervision for language model reasoning, but scalar trajectory rewards offer limited guidance for t…

cs.LG2026

Entropy Polarity in Reinforcement Fine-Tuning: Direction, Asymmetry, and Control

Jiazheng Zhang, Ziche Fu, Junrui Shen +17

Policy entropy has emerged as a fundamental measure for understanding and controlling exploration in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for LLMs. However, existi…

cs.LG2026

EVPO: Explained Variance Policy Optimization for Adaptive Critic Utilization in LLM Post-Training

Chengjun Pan, Shichun Liu, Jiahang Lin +10

Reinforcement learning (RL) for LLM post-training faces a fundamental design choice: whether to use a learned critic as a baseline for policy optimization. Classical theory favors…

cs.LG2026

Enhancing LLM-based Search Agents via Contribution Weighted Group Relative Policy Optimization

Junzhe Wang, Zhiheng Xi, Yajie Yang +4

Search agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond static parametric knowledge by enabling access to up-to-date and long-tail information unavailable during pretraining. Whil…

cs.LG2026

Reward Hacking in the Era of Large Models: Mechanisms, Emergent Misalignment, Challenges

Xiaohua Wang, Muzhao Tian, Yuqi Zeng +20

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and related alignment paradigms have become central to steering large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models…

cs.LG2026

DFPO: Scaling Value Modeling via Distributional Flow towards Robust and Generalizable LLM Post-Training

Dingwei Zhu, Zhiheng Xi, Shihan Dou +17

Training reinforcement learning (RL) systems in real-world environments remains challenging due to noisy supervision and poor out-of-domain (OOD) generalization, especially in LLM…

cs.LG2025

DVPO: Distributional Value Modeling-based Policy Optimization for LLM Post-Training

Dingwei Zhu, Zhiheng Xi, Shihan Dou +15

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong performance in LLM post-training, but real-world deployment often involves noisy or incomplete supervision. In such settings, complex a…

cs.LG2025

VRPO: Rethinking Value Modeling for Robust RL under Noisy Supervision in LLM Post-Training

Dingwei Zhu, Shihan Dou, Zhiheng Xi +16

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real-world environments often suffers from ambiguous or incomplete reward supervision, which undermines policy stability and generalization. Such noi…