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An N-of-1 Artificial Intelligence Ecosystem for Precision Medicine
Pedram Fard, Alaleh Azhir, Neguine Rezaii +2
Artificial intelligence in medicine is built to serve the average patient. By minimizing error across large datasets, most systems deliver strong aggregate accuracy yet falter at t…
A Hybrid Enumeration Framework for Optimal Counterfactual Generation in Post-Acute COVID-19 Heart Failure
Jingya Cheng, Alaleh Azhir, Jiazi Tian +1
Counterfactual inference provides a mathematical framework for reasoning about hypothetical outcomes under alternative interventions, bridging causal reasoning and predictive model…
The Average Patient Fallacy
Alaleh Azhir, Shawn N. Murphy, Hossein Estiri
Machine learning in medicine is typically optimized for population averages. This frequency weighted training privileges common presentations and marginalizes rare yet clinically c…
Signal Fidelity Index-Aware Calibration for Dementia Predictions Across Heterogeneous Real-World Data
Jingya Cheng, Jiazi Tian, Federica Spoto +3
\textbf{Background:} Machine learning models trained on electronic health records (EHRs) often degrade across healthcare systems due to distributional shift. A fundamental but unde…