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Generative vs. Encoder Large Language Models for ASR Evaluation: A Comparative Study
Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Shashi Kumar, Driss Khalil +6
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is typically evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), which poorly reflects semantic similarity. While embedding-based metrics correlate better wit…
When Synthetic Speech Is All You Have: Better Call GRPO
Shashi Kumar, Yanis Labrak, Hasindri Watawana +5
LLM-based ASR adapted to regulated domains such as banking is bottlenecked by privacy: real speech is costly and legally constrained to collect, making synthetic text-to-speech (TT…
How to Leverage Synthetic Speech for LLM-Based ASR Systems?
Yanis Labrak, Dairazalia Sanchez-Cortes, Sergio Burdisso +9
In regulated domains such as banking and healthcare, where privacy constraints make real speech costly to collect and retain, synthetic speech from modern text-to-speech (TTS) is a…
Geometric Latent Reasoning Induces Shorter Generations in LLMs
Shashi Kumar, Yacouba Kaloga, Petr Motlicek +2
Large language models solve complex problems by generating lengthy chains of explicit reasoning tokens. While effective, this makes reasoning expensive, length-sensitive, and const…
Evaluation of Automatic Speech Recognition Using Generative Large Language Models
Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Shashi Kumar, Driss Khalil +6
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is traditionally evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), a metric that is insensitive to meaning. Embedding-based semantic metrics are better corr…
Closing the Speech-Text Gap with Limited Audio for Effective Domain Adaptation in LLM-Based ASR
Thibault Bañeras-Roux, Sergio Burdisso, Esaú Villatoro-Tello +9
Conventional end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems rely on paired speech-text data for domain adaptation. Recent LLM-based ASR architectures connect a speech encode…
Abstract Compression of Conversational Audio Context for LLM-based ASR
Shashi Kumar, Esaú Villatoro-Tello, Sergio Burdisso +7
Standard LLM-based speech recognition systems process utterances in isolation, limiting their ability to leverage conversational context. Here we study whether multimodal context f…
TokenVerse++: Towards Flexible Multitask Learning with Dynamic Task Activation
Shashi Kumar, Srikanth Madikeri, Esaú Villatoro-Tello +8
Token-based multitasking frameworks like TokenVerse require all training utterances to have labels for all tasks, hindering their ability to leverage partially annotated datasets a…
Better Semi-supervised Learning for Multi-domain ASR Through Incremental Retraining and Data Filtering
Andres Carofilis, Pradeep Rangappa, Srikanth Madikeri +10
Fine-tuning pretrained ASR models for specific domains is challenging when labeled data is scarce. But unlabeled audio and labeled data from related domains are often available. We…
Efficient Data Selection for Domain Adaptation of ASR Using Pseudo-Labels and Multi-Stage Filtering
Pradeep Rangappa, Andres Carofilis, Jeena Prakash +10
Fine-tuning pretrained ASR models for specific domains is challenging for small organizations with limited labeled data and computational resources. Here, we explore different data…
Performance evaluation of SLAM-ASR: The Good, the Bad, the Ugly, and the Way Forward
Shashi Kumar, Iuliia Thorbecke, Sergio Burdisso +7
Recent research has demonstrated that training a linear connector between speech foundation encoders and large language models (LLMs) enables this architecture to achieve strong AS…
Fast Streaming Transducer ASR Prototyping via Knowledge Distillation with Whisper
Iuliia Thorbecke, Juan Zuluaga-Gomez, Esaú Villatoro-Tello +6
The training of automatic speech recognition (ASR) with little to no supervised data remains an open question. In this work, we demonstrate that streaming Transformer-Transducer (T…
Unifying Global and Near-Context Biasing in a Single Trie Pass
Iuliia Thorbecke, Esaú Villatoro-Tello, Juan Zuluaga-Gomez +9
Despite the success of end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models, challenges persist in recognizing rare, out-of-vocabulary words - including named entities (NE) - and i…
TokenVerse: Towards Unifying Speech and NLP Tasks via Transducer-based ASR
Shashi Kumar, Srikanth Madikeri, Juan Zuluaga-Gomez +6
In traditional conversational intelligence from speech, a cascaded pipeline is used, involving tasks such as voice activity detection, diarization, transcription, and subsequent pr…