Discrete Action, Graph Evolution, and the Hierarchy of Symmetries: A Rigorous Construction of Temporal Layers $C1\to C2\to C3\to C4$

Medeu Abishev, Daulet Berkimbayev

Postulating a minimal discrete quantum of action $S=\hslash$ and a simple rule for the growth of an oriented graph, we construct a strict hierarchy of temporal layers $CN$ with disc…