Comparative Analysis of Perturbed $f(R)$ Gravity and Perturbed Rastall Gravity Models in Describing Cosmic Evolution from Early to Late Universe Relative to the $\Lambda$CDM Model

Muhammad Yarahmadi, Amin Salehi, Hadis Mousavi

This study conducts a meticulous examination of the cosmological implications inherent in Rastall gravity and $f(R)$ gravity models, assessing their efficacy across distinct cosmic…