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math.GT2026
The r-coverings and local moves of planar virtual knotoids
Jiacheng An, Fengling Li, Andrei Vesnin
In this paper, we study planar virtual knotoids, which generalize virtual knots and knotoids both. We consider the problem of whether two given planar virtual knotoids can be trans…
math.GT2026
The unknotting numbers for plus-welded knotoids
Fengling Li, Andrei Vesnin, Xuan Yang
Knotoid theory is a generalization of knot theory introduced by Turaev in 2012. In recent years, various invariants of knotoids have been studied. In this paper, we mainly discuss…