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cs.CL2026

The Necessity of Setting Temperature in LLM-as-a-Judge

Lujun Li, Lama Sleem, Yangjie Xu +4

Using large language models (LLMs) as judges for evaluating model outputs has emerged as an important paradigm for automated evaluation. However, the choice of decoding temperature…

cs.CL2026

Do Large Language Models Grasp The Grammar? Evidence from Grammar-Book-Guided Probing in Luxembourgish

Lujun Li, Yewei Song, Lama Sleem +7

Grammar refers to the system of rules that governs the structural organization and the semantic relations among linguistic units such as sentences, phrases, and words within a give…

cs.CL2025

Is Small Language Model the Silver Bullet to Low-Resource Languages Machine Translation?

Yewei Song, Lujun Li, Cedric Lothritz +6

Low-resource languages (LRLs) lack sufficient linguistic resources and are underrepresented in benchmark datasets, resulting in persistently lower translation quality than high-res…

cs.CL2025

Small Language Models in the Real World: Insights from Industrial Text Classification

Lujun Li, Lama Sleem, Niccolo' Gentile +2

With the emergence of ChatGPT, Transformer models have significantly advanced text classification and related tasks. Decoder-only models such as Llama exhibit strong performance an…

cs.CL2025

Exploring the Impact of Temperature on Large Language Models:Hot or Cold?

Lujun Li, Lama Sleem, Niccolo' Gentile +2

The sampling temperature, a critical hyperparameter in large language models (LLMs), modifies the logits before the softmax layer, thereby reshaping the distribution of output toke…