most citedOT-Transformer: A Continuous-time Transformer Architecture with Optimal Transport Regularization

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cs.LG2026

End-to-End Learning of Safe Optimal Feedback Control in High Dimensions with Control Barrier Function Layers

Xingjian Li, Kelvin Kan, Deepanshu Verma +3

We consider the problem of learning high-dimensional semi-global feedback controllers under hard safety constraints enforced by control barrier functions (CBFs). Incorporating CBFs…

cs.LG2026

Vocabulary-size-independent Convergence of Discrete Diffusion Models: adjoint equations induce the right space

Kelvin Kan, Xingjian Li, Benjamin J. Zhang +3

Discrete diffusion has become a leading framework for generative modeling in various applications including language, vision, and biology. Existing convergence theory, however, exh…

cs.LG2025

Dynamical Implicit Neural Representations

Yesom Park, Kelvin Kan, Thomas Flynn +4

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) provide a powerful continuous framework for modeling complex visual and geometric signals, but spectral bias remains a fundamental challenge,…

cs.LG2025

Stability of Transformers under Layer Normalization

Kelvin Kan, Xingjian Li, Benjamin J. Zhang +4

Despite their widespread use, training deep Transformers can be unstable. Layer normalization, a standard component, improves training stability, but its placement has often been a…

cs.LG2025

Optimal Control for Transformer Architectures: Enhancing Generalization, Robustness and Efficiency

Kelvin Kan, Xingjian Li, Benjamin J. Zhang +3

We study Transformers through the perspective of optimal control theory, using tools from continuous-time formulations to derive actionable insights into training and architecture…

cs.LG2025★ 1 cited

OT-Transformer: A Continuous-time Transformer Architecture with Optimal Transport Regularization

Kelvin Kan, Xingjian Li, Stanley Osher

Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance in numerous tasks. In this paper, we propose a continuous-time formulation of transformers. Specifically, we consider a dyna…