activity
20222026
most citedSMT 2.0: A Surrogate Modeling Toolbox with a focus on Hierarchical and Mixed Variables Gaussian Processes

125 citations · 208 across the 22 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

23 papers

cs.LG2026

Energy-aware frugal Bayesian optimization

Gaston Plat, Paul Saves, Nathalie Bartoli +2

Modern design optimization frameworks aim first and foremost for models with the most accurate predictions without balancing computational overhead. It remains a reason why scaled…

cs.AI2026

Interpretable and Explainable Surrogate Modeling for Simulations: A State-of-the-Art Survey and Perspectives on Explainable AI for Decision-Making

Pramudita Satria Palar, Paul Saves, Muhammad Daffa Robani +6

The simulation of complex systems increasingly relies on sophisticated but fundamentally opaque computational black-box simulators. Surrogate models play a central role in reducing…

cs.LG2026

From Model-Based Screening to Data-Driven Surrogates: A Multi-Stage Workflow for Exploring Stochastic Agent-Based Models

Paul Saves, Matthieu Mastio, Nicolas Verstaevel +1

Systematic exploration of Agent-Based Models (ABMs) is challenged by the curse of dimensionality and their inherent stochasticity. We present a multi-stage pipeline integrating the…

cs.LG2026★ 1 cited

Analyzing Shapley Additive Explanations to Understand Anomaly Detection Algorithm Behaviors and Their Complementarity

Jordan Levy, Paul Saves, Moncef Garouani +2

Unsupervised anomaly detection is a challenging problem due to the diversity of data distributions and the lack of labels. Ensemble methods are often adopted to mitigate these chal…

cs.GT2025

Adaptive Agents in Spatial Double-Auction Markets: Modeling the Emergence of Industrial Symbiosis

Matthieu Mastio, Paul Saves, Benoit Gaudou +1

Industrial symbiosis fosters circularity by enabling firms to repurpose residual resources, yet its emergence is constrained by socio-spatial frictions that shape costs, matching o…

cs.LG2025★ 2 cited

Global Sensitivity Analysis for Engineering Design Based on Individual Conditional Expectations

Pramudita Satria Palar, Paul Saves, Rommel G. Regis +4

Explainable machine learning techniques have gained increasing attention in engineering applications, especially in aerospace design and analysis, where understanding how input var…

cs.AI2025★ 1 cited

Surrogate Modeling and Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Complex Systems: A Workflow for Automated Simulation Exploration

Paul Saves, Pramudita Satria Palar, Muhammad Daffa Robani +6

Complex systems are increasingly explored through simulation-driven engineering workflows that combine physics-based and empirical models with optimization and analytics. Despite t…

cs.LG2025

Frequency-aware Surrogate Modeling With SMT Kernels For Advanced Data Forecasting

Nicolas Gonel, Paul Saves, Joseph Morlier

This paper introduces a comprehensive open-source framework for developing correlation kernels, with a particular focus on user-defined and composition of kernels for surrogate mod…

cs.AI2025

System-of-systems Modeling and Optimization: An Integrated Framework for Intermodal Mobility

Paul Saves, Jasper Bussemaker, Rémi Lafage +4

For developing innovative systems architectures, modeling and optimization techniques have been central to frame the architecting process and define the optimization and modeling p…

cs.LG2025★ 2 cited

Modeling Hierarchical Spaces: A Review and Unified Framework for Surrogate-Based Architecture Design

Paul Saves, Edward Hallé-Hannan, Jasper Bussemaker +2

Simulation-based problems involving mixed-variable inputs frequently feature domains that are hierarchical, conditional, heterogeneous, or tree-structured. These characteristics po…

cs.LG2025★ 3 cited

Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization With Mixed-categorical Design Variables for Expensive-to-evaluate Aeronautical Applications

Nathalie Bartoli, Thierry Lefebvre, Rémi Lafage +8

This work aims at developing new methodologies to optimize computational costly complex systems (e.g., aeronautical engineering systems). The proposed surrogate-based method (often…

cs.LG2025★ 7 cited

Surrogate-based optimization of system architectures subject to hidden constraints

Jasper Bussemaker, Paul Saves, Nathalie Bartoli +2

The exploration of novel architectures requires physics-based simulation due to a lack of prior experience to start from, which introduces two specific challenges for optimization…

stat.ME2025★ 9 cited

Bayesian optimization for mixed variables using an adaptive dimension reduction process: applications to aircraft design

Paul Saves, Nathalie Bartoli, Youssef Diouane +5

Multidisciplinary design optimization methods aim at adapting numerical optimization techniques to the design of engineering systems involving multiple disciplines. In this context…

cs.LG2025★ 11 cited

Regularized infill criteria for multi-objective Bayesian optimization with application to aircraft design

Robin Grapin, Youssef Diouane, Joseph Morlier +4

Bayesian optimization is an advanced tool to perform ecient global optimization It consists on enriching iteratively surrogate Kriging models of the objective and the constraints b…

cs.LG2025

SMT-EX: An Explainable Surrogate Modeling Toolbox for Mixed-Variables Design Exploration

Mohammad Daffa Robani, Paul Saves, Pramudita Satria Palar +2

Surrogate models are of high interest for many engineering applications, serving as cheap-to-evaluate time-efficient approximations of black-box functions to help engineers and pra…

cs.LG2025

Bayesian Optimization of a Lightweight and Accurate Neural Network for Aerodynamic Performance Prediction

James M. Shihua, Paul Saves, Rhea P. Liem +1

Ensuring high accuracy and efficiency of predictive models is paramount in the aerospace industry, particularly in the context of multidisciplinary design and optimization processe…

math.OC2025★ 5 cited

High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization Using Both Random and Supervised Embeddings

Rémy Priem, Youssef Diouane, Nathalie Bartoli +2

Bayesian optimization (BO) is one of the most powerful strategies to solve computationally expensive-to-evaluate blackbox optimization problems. However, BO methods are conventiona…

math.OC2025★ 11 cited

System Architecture Optimization Strategies: Dealing with Expensive Hierarchical Problems

Jasper H. Bussemaker, Paul Saves, Nathalie Bartoli +2

Choosing the right system architecture for the problem at hand is challenging due to the large design space and high uncertainty in the early stage of the design process. Formulati…

stat.ML2024★ 2 cited

A distance for mixed-variable and hierarchical domains with meta variables

Edward Hallé-Hannan, Charles Audet, Youssef Diouane +2

Heterogeneous datasets emerge in various machine learning and optimization applications that feature different input sources, types or formats. Most models or methods do not native…

math.OC2024

High-dimensional multidisciplinary design optimization for aircraft eco-design / Optimisation multi-disciplinaire en grande dimension pour l'éco-conception avion en avant-projet

Paul Saves

The objective of this Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D) thesis is to propose an efficient approach for optimizing a multidisciplinary black-box model when the optimization problem is cons…

math.OC2023★ 7 cited

High-dimensional mixed-categorical Gaussian processes with application to multidisciplinary design optimization for a green aircraft

Paul Saves, Youssef Diouane, Nathalie Bartoli +2

Recently, there has been a growing interest in mixed-categorical metamodels based on Gaussian Process (GP) for Bayesian optimization. In this context, different approaches can be u…

cs.LG2023★ 125 cited

SMT 2.0: A Surrogate Modeling Toolbox with a focus on Hierarchical and Mixed Variables Gaussian Processes

Paul Saves, Remi Lafage, Nathalie Bartoli +6

The Surrogate Modeling Toolbox (SMT) is an open-source Python package that offers a collection of surrogate modeling methods, sampling techniques, and a set of sample problems. Thi…

math.OC2022★ 22 cited

A mixed-categorical correlation kernel for Gaussian process

P. Saves, Y. Diouane, N. Bartoli +2

Recently, there has been a growing interest for mixed-categorical meta-models based on Gaussian process (GP) surrogates. In this setting, several existing approaches use different…