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cs.AI2026

EpiSEM-Bench: Evaluating Safety and Evidence Recovery in LLM Agents under Missing Evidence

Qijin Zhang, Hanzhen Wang, Yuehan Zhao +4

Tool-using language model agents rely on environmental facts to decide whether an action is permitted. When a tool response omits a safety-relevant fact, an agent may carry out a p…

cs.AI2026

Bridging Exploration and Persona: Information-Directed Dueling for Test-Time Agent Personalization

Jie Mao, Pingchen Lu, Xiangyi Wang +4

Effective test-time personalization requires LLM agents to adapt to query-dependent user preferences from lightweight interaction. We study persona selection with binary comparison…

cs.AI2026

IF-MAP: Influence-Function-Inspired Agent Prioritization in Multi-Agent Systems

Jie Mao, Pingchen Lu, Zikun Qu +6

Improving every agent in an LLM-based multi-agent system can be prohibitively costly, making it important to identify which agent should be prioritized to achieve the greatest syst…

cs.AI2026

MESH-Harness: Self-Improving Agent Harnesses via Bandit-Guided Compositional Evolution

Zhiwei Shang, Yu Huo, Mingrong Gong +6

An agent harness is the code that organizes context, maintains state, and coordinates tool calls for a language model. We study how to improve the harness under a limited evaluatio…

cs.AI2026

Fusion is the New Mutation: Bandit-Guided Evolution on Workflow Graphs

Zhiwei Shang, Jiahang Sun, Mingrong Gong +9

Automated agentic workflow optimization relies on costly evaluations, making it essential to allocate a limited evaluation budget effectively. Multi-parent fusion can reuse designs…

cs.AI2026

UniScale: Adaptive Unified Inference Scaling via Online Joint Optimization of Model Routing and Test-Time Scaling

Kaiyu Huang, Xingyu Wang, Mingze Kong +6

In real-world deployments of large language models (LLMs), balancing inference quality and computational cost has become a central challenge. Existing approaches tackle this trade-…

cs.AI2026

ALSO: Adversarial Online Strategy Optimization for Social Agents

Xiang Li, Liping Yi, Mingze Kong +3

Social simulation provides a compelling testbed for studying social intelligence, where agents interact through multi-turn dialogues under evolving contexts and strategically adapt…

cs.AI2026

Workflow-R1: Group Sub-sequence Policy Optimization for Multi-turn Workflow Construction

Mingze Kong, Zikun Qu, Zhongquan Zhou +7

The rapid evolution of agentic workflows has demonstrated strong performance of LLM-based agents in addressing complex reasoning tasks. However, existing workflow optimization meth…

cs.AI2026

Real-Time Aligned Reward Model beyond Semantics

Zixuan Huang, Xin Xia, Yuxi Ren +10

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, yet it is susceptible to reward overoptim…