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cs.CL2026

Nemotron 3 Ultra: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Model for Agentic Reasoning

NVIDIA, :, Aaron Blakeman +572

We introduce Nemotron 3 Ultra, a 550 billion total and 55 billion active parameter Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Attention language model. We pre-trained Nemotron 3 Ultra on 20 t…

cs.CL2026

Are you going to finish that? A Practical Study of the Partial Token Problem

Hao Xu, Alisa Liu, Jonathan Hayase +2

Language models (LMs) are trained over sequences of tokens, whereas users interact with LMs via text. This mismatch gives rise to the partial token problem, which occurs when a use…

cs.CL2025

Broken Tokens? Your Language Model can Secretly Handle Non-Canonical Tokenizations

Brian Siyuan Zheng, Alisa Liu, Orevaoghene Ahia +3

Modern tokenizers employ deterministic algorithms to map text into a single "canonical" token sequence, yet the same string can be encoded as many non-canonical tokenizations using…

cs.CL2025

Sampling from Your Language Model One Byte at a Time

Jonathan Hayase, Alisa Liu, Noah A. Smith +1

Tokenization is used almost universally by modern language models, enabling efficient text representation using multi-byte or multi-character tokens. However, prior work has shown…

cs.CL2025

SuperBPE: Space Travel for Language Models

Alisa Liu, Jonathan Hayase, Valentin Hofmann +3

The assumption across nearly all language model (LM) tokenization schemes is that tokens should be subwords, i.e., contained within word boundaries. While providing a seemingly rea…

cs.CL2025

When One LLM Drools, Multi-LLM Collaboration Rules

Shangbin Feng, Wenxuan Ding, Alisa Liu +10

This position paper argues that in many realistic (i.e., complex, contextualized, subjective) scenarios, one LLM is not enough to produce a reliable output. We challenge the status…