most citedRethinking Sample Polarity in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

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cs.CL2026

Ring-Zero: Scaling Zero RL to a Trillion Parameters for Emergent Reasoning

Xinyu Tang, Qianggang Cao, Yurou Liu +13

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards without human-annotated data, often referred to as zero RL, has emerged as a powerful paradigm for eliciting chain-of-thought reasoni…

cs.CL2026

GraphPO: Graph-based Policy Optimization for Reasoning Models

Yuliang Zhan, Xinyu Tang, Jian Li +7

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a standard paradigm for enhancing the capability of large reasoning models. RLVR typically samples responses indepe…

cs.CL2026

PowLU: An Activation Function for Stable Pre-Training of LLMs

Peijie Jiang, Yuqi Feng, Cunyin Peng +5

In contemporary large language models (LLMs), the swish-gated linear unit (SwiGLU) activation function is widely adopted to regulate the information flow and introduce non-linearit…

cs.CL2026

InftyThink+: Effective and Efficient Infinite-Horizon Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning

Yuchen Yan, Liang Jiang, Jin Jiang +7

Large reasoning models achieve strong performance by scaling inference-time chain-of-thought, but this paradigm suffers from quadratic cost, context length limits, and degraded rea…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

Rethinking Sample Polarity in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

Xinyu Tang, Yuliang Zhan, Zhixun Li +5

Large reasoning models (LRMs) are typically trained using reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR) to enhance their reasoning abilities. In this paradigm, policies are…

cs.CL2025

Ring-lite: Scalable Reasoning via C3PO-Stabilized Reinforcement Learning for LLMs

Ling Team, Bin Hu, Cai Chen +43

We present Ring-lite, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)-based large language model optimized via reinforcement learning (RL) to achieve efficient and robust reasoning capabilities. Built…

cs.CL2025

MASS: Mathematical Data Selection via Skill Graphs for Pretraining Large Language Models

Jiazheng Li, Lu Yu, Qing Cui +4

High-quality data plays a critical role in the pretraining and fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs), even determining their performance ceiling to some degree. Consequently,…

cs.CL2025

Mix Data or Merge Models? Balancing the Helpfulness, Honesty, and Harmlessness of Large Language Model via Model Merging

Jinluan Yang, Dingnan Jin, Anke Tang +10

Achieving balanced alignment of large language models (LLMs) in terms of Helpfulness, Honesty, and Harmlessness (3H optimization) constitutes a cornerstone of responsible AI. Exist…