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cs.CL2025

Rectifying LLM Thought from Lens of Optimization

Junnan Liu, Hongwei Liu, Songyang Zhang +1

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have been driven by their emergent reasoning capabilities, particularly through long chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, which ena…

cs.CL2025

ATLAS: A High-Difficulty, Multidisciplinary Benchmark for Frontier Scientific Reasoning

Hongwei Liu, Junnan Liu, Shudong Liu +33

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to performance saturation on many established benchmarks, questioning their ability to distinguish frontier models. Co…

cs.CL2025

CompassVerifier: A Unified and Robust Verifier for LLMs Evaluation and Outcome Reward

Shudong Liu, Hongwei Liu, Junnan Liu +8

Answer verification is crucial not only for evaluating large language models (LLMs) by matching their unstructured outputs against standard answers, but also serves as the reward m…

cs.CL2025

When Tools Hurt LLM Reasoning: State-Dependent Belief Revision under External Evidence

Yufeng Zhao, Junnan Liu, Hongwei Liu +4

Tool use is often assumed to monotonically improve reasoning, where external evidence is expected to help when relevant and be ignored when irrelevant. We show that this assumption…

cs.CL2025

Rethinking Verification for LLM Code Generation: From Generation to Testing

Zihan Ma, Taolin Zhang, Maosong Cao +5

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved notable success in code-generation benchmarks such as HumanEval and LiveCodeBench. However, a detailed examination reveals that…

cs.CL2025

Coding Triangle: How Does Large Language Model Understand Code?

Taolin Zhang, Zihan Ma, Maosong Cao +3

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, yet their true programming competence remains underexplored. We introduce the Code Triangle frame…

cs.CL2025

Deciphering Trajectory-Aided LLM Reasoning: An Optimization Perspective

Junnan Liu, Hongwei Liu, Linchen Xiao +5

We propose a novel framework for comprehending the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the perspective of meta-learning. By conceptualizing reasoning tra…

cs.CL2025

SituatedThinker: Grounding LLM Reasoning with Real-World through Situated Thinking

Junnan Liu, Linhao Luo, Thuy-Trang Vu +1

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their impressive reasoning capabilities. However, the reasoning confined to internal parametric space limits LLMs' acces…

cs.CL2025

Exploring the Limit of Outcome Reward for Learning Mathematical Reasoning

Chengqi Lyu, Songyang Gao, Yuzhe Gu +14

Reasoning abilities, especially those for solving complex math problems, are crucial components of general intelligence. Recent advances by proprietary companies, such as o-series…