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cs.CL2026

Empty Shelves or Lost Keys? Recall Is the Bottleneck for Parametric Factuality

Nitay Calderon, Eyal Ben-David, Zorik Gekhman +2

Standard factuality evaluations of LLMs treat all errors alike, obscuring whether failures arise from missing knowledge (empty shelves) or from limited access to encoded facts (los…

cs.CL2026

LIBERTy: A Causal Framework for Benchmarking Concept-Based Explanations of LLMs with Structural Counterfactuals

Gilat Toker, Nitay Calderon, Ohad Amosy +1

Concept-based explanations quantify how high-level concepts (e.g., gender or experience) influence model behavior, which is crucial for decision-makers in high-stakes domains. Rece…

cs.CL2025

Are LLMs Better than Reported? Detecting Label Errors and Mitigating Their Effect on Model Performance

Omer Nahum, Nitay Calderon, Orgad Keller +2

NLP benchmarks rely on standardized datasets for training and evaluating models and are crucial for advancing the field. Traditionally, expert annotations ensure high-quality label…

cs.CL2025

The Alternative Annotator Test for LLM-as-a-Judge: How to Statistically Justify Replacing Human Annotators with LLMs

Nitay Calderon, Roi Reichart, Rotem Dror

The "LLM-as-an-annotator" and "LLM-as-a-judge" paradigms employ Large Language Models (LLMs) as annotators, judges, and evaluators in tasks traditionally performed by humans. LLM a…

cs.CL2025

AdaptiVocab: Enhancing LLM Efficiency in Focused Domains through Lightweight Vocabulary Adaptation

Itay Nakash, Nitay Calderon, Eyal Ben David +2

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive versatility as general purpose models. However, their broad applicability comes at a high-cost computational overhead, particular…

cs.CL2025

Multi-Domain Explainability of Preferences

Nitay Calderon, Liat Ein-Dor, Roi Reichart

Preference mechanisms, such as human preference, LLM-as-a-Judge (LaaJ), and reward models, are central to aligning and evaluating large language models (LLMs). Yet, the underlying…