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20242026
most citedSelf-Improving Transformers Overcome Easy-to-Hard and Length Generalization Challenges

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cs.LG2026

Fork-and-Flush: Escaping Idea Basins in Autoresearch Agents

Ziyang Cai, Christos Ziakas, Vasilis Kontonis +5

Autoresearch agents tackle open-ended problems by repeatedly proposing candidate solutions, evaluating them, and using feedback to guide subsequent experiments. We show that indepe…

cs.LG2026

Scaling Discovery through Test-Time Communication

Jongho Park, Vasilis Kontonis, Shivam Garg +2

Science advances not in isolation but through collaboration, yet existing agentic systems capture little of this. Whether communicating agents help remains an open question with mi…

cs.LG2026

SuperThoughts: Reasoning Tokens in Superposition

Zheyang Xiong, Shivam Garg, Max Yu +4

Long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves LLM problem-solving but is computationally expensive due to sequential token generation. While recent works explore reasoning in cont…

cs.LG2026

You Don't Need to Run Every Eval

Yuchen Zeng, Dimitris Papailiopoulos

A modern model release reports scores on 40+ benchmarks and the same evaluations were run many more times before it: to track training progress, compare design choices, and select…

cs.LG2026

ECHO: Terminal Agents Learn World Models for Free

Vaishnavi Shrivastava, Piero Kauffmann, Ahmed Awadallah +1

CLI agents are the closest thing language models have to an embodied setting: the model emits commands, the terminal executes them, and the returned stream -- stdout, errors, files…

cs.LG2026

Endless Terminals: Scaling RL Environments for Terminal Agents

Kanishk Gandhi, Shivam Garg, Noah D. Goodman +1

Environments are the bottleneck for self-improving agents. Current terminal benchmarks were built for evaluation, not training; reinforcement learning requires a scalable pipeline,…

cs.LG2025

ReJump: A Tree-Jump Representation for Analyzing and Improving LLM Reasoning

Yuchen Zeng, Shuibai Zhang, Wonjun Kang +9

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are Large Language Models (LLMs) explicitly trained to generate long-form Chain-of-Thoughts (CoTs), achieving impressive success on challenging tasks…

cs.LG2025

Wait, Wait, Wait... Why Do Reasoning Models Loop?

Charilaos Pipis, Shivam Garg, Vasilis Kontonis +3

Reasoning models (e.g., DeepSeek-R1) generate long chains of thought to solve harder problems, but they often loop, repeating the same text at low temperatures or with greedy decod…

cs.LG2025

Not All Bits Are Equal: Scale-Dependent Memory Optimization Strategies for Reasoning Models

Junhyuck Kim, Ethan Ewer, Taehong Moon +2

While 4-bit quantization has emerged as a memory-optimal choice for non-reasoning models and zero-shot tasks across scales, we show that this universal prescription fails for reaso…

cs.LG2025★ 1 cited

Self-Improving Transformers Overcome Easy-to-Hard and Length Generalization Challenges

Nayoung Lee, Ziyang Cai, Avi Schwarzschild +2

Large language models often struggle with length generalization and solving complex problem instances beyond their training distribution. We present a self-improvement approach whe…

cs.LG2025

VersaPRM: Multi-Domain Process Reward Model via Synthetic Reasoning Data

Thomas Zeng, Shuibai Zhang, Shutong Wu +13

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have proven effective at enhancing mathematical reasoning for Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging increased inference-time computation. However,…

cs.LG2025

Task Vectors in In-Context Learning: Emergence, Formation, and Benefit

Liu Yang, Ziqian Lin, Kangwook Lee +2

In-context learning is a remarkable capability of transformers, referring to their ability to adapt to specific tasks based on a short history or context. Previous research has fou…

cs.LG2024

Everything Everywhere All at Once: LLMs can In-Context Learn Multiple Tasks in Superposition

Zheyang Xiong, Ziyang Cai, John Cooper +11

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. In this study, we explore a surprising phenomenon related to ICL: LLMs can perform…