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cs.CL2026

Disentangling Geometry, Performance, and Training in Language Models

Atharva Kulkarni, Jacob Mitchell Springer, Arjun Subramonian +1

Geometric properties of Transformer weights, particularly the unembedding matrix, have been widely useful in language model interpretability research. Yet, their utility for estima…

cs.CL2026

Annotations Mitigate Post-Training Mode Collapse

Jacob Mitchell Springer, Madhu Advani, Lukas Aichberger +7

Post-training (via supervised fine-tuning) improves instruction-following, but often induces semantic mode collapse by biasing models toward low-entropy fine-tuning data at the exp…

cs.CL2025

Understanding the Influence of Synthetic Data for Text Embedders

Jacob Mitchell Springer, Vaibhav Adlakha, Siva Reddy +2

Recent progress in developing general purpose text embedders has been driven by training on ever-growing corpora of synthetic LLM-generated data. Nonetheless, no publicly available…

cs.CL2025

Repetition Improves Language Model Embeddings

Jacob Mitchell Springer, Suhas Kotha, Daniel Fried +2

Bidirectional models are considered essential for strong text embeddings. Recent approaches to adapt autoregressive language models (LMs) into strong text embedding models have lar…

cs.CL2025

Overtrained Language Models Are Harder to Fine-Tune

Jacob Mitchell Springer, Sachin Goyal, Kaiyue Wen +5

Large language models are pre-trained on ever-growing token budgets under the assumption that better pre-training performance translates to improved downstream models. In this work…

cs.CL2025

Mitigating Bias in RAG: Controlling the Embedder

Taeyoun Kim, Jacob Springer, Aditi Raghunathan +1

In retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems, each individual component -- the LLM, embedder, and corpus -- could introduce biases in the form of skews towards outputting certai…