The metamorphosis of semi-classical mechanisms of confinement: From monopoles on ${\mathbb{R}}^3\times S^1$ to center-vortices on ${\mathbb{R}}^2\times T^2$

Canberk Güvendik, Thomas Schaefer, Mithat Ünsal

There are two distinct regimes of Yang-Mills theory where we can demonstrate confinement, the existence of a mass gap, and fractional theta angle dependence using a reliable semi-c…