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20242026
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cs.LG2026

Fast and Expressive Multi-Byte Prediction with Probabilistic Circuits

Andreas Grivas, Lorenzo Loconte, Emile van Krieken +6

Multi-token prediction (MTP) is a prominent strategy to significantly speed up generation in large language models (LLMs), especially in byte-level LLMs, which are tokeniser-free b…

cs.LG2026

Blending Supervised and Reinforcement Fine-Tuning with Prefix Sampling

Zeyu Huang, Tianhao Cheng, Zihan Qiu +4

Existing LLMs-post-training techniques are broadly categorized into supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT). Each paradigm presents a distinct trade-off: (…

cs.LG2026

The Cancellation Hypothesis in Critic-Free RL: From Outcome Rewards to Token Credits

Tianhao Cheng, Zeyu Huang, Zihan Qiu +5

A commonly accepted explanation of critic-free RL for LLMs, based on sequence-level rewards, is that it reinforces successful rollouts with a positive advantage while penalizing fa…

cs.LG2026

AdaSplash-2: Faster Differentiable Sparse Attention

Nuno Gonçalves, Hugo Pitorro, Vlad Niculae +4

Sparse attention has been proposed as a way to alleviate the quadratic cost of transformers, a central bottleneck in long-context training. A promising line of work is -entmax…

cs.LG2026

Adapting Time Series Foundation Models through Data Mixtures

Thomas L. Lee, Edoardo M. Ponti, Amos Storkey

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have become increasingly popular for zero-shot forecasting. However, for a new time series domain not fully covered by the pretraining set, pe…

cs.LG2026

Self-Improving World Modelling with Latent Actions

Yifu Qiu, Zheng Zhao, Waylon Li +4

Internal modelling of the world -- predicting transitions between previous states and next states under actions -- is essential to reasoning and planning for LLMs and V…