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cs.AI2026
Mind over Space: Can Multimodal Large Language Models Mentally Navigate?
Qihui Zhu, Shouwei Ruan, Xiao Yang +6
Despite the widespread adoption of MLLMs in embodied agents, their capabilities remain largely confined to reactive planning from immediate observations, consistently failing in sp…
cs.AI2025
From reactive to cognitive: brain-inspired spatial intelligence for embodied agents
Shouwei Ruan, Liyuan Wang, Caixin Kang +4
Spatial cognition enables adaptive goal-directed behavior by constructing internal models of space. Robust biological systems consolidate spatial knowledge into three interconnecte…