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20232026
most citedFoundation Models for Generalist Geospatial Artificial Intelligence

16 citations · 48 across the 16 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.CV2026

How to Embed Matters: Evaluation of EO Embedding Design Choices

Luis Gilch, Isabelle Wittmann, Maximilian Nitsche +3

Earth observation (EO) missions produce petabytes of multispectral imagery, increasingly analyzed using large Geospatial Foundation Models (GeoFMs). Alongside end-to-end adaptation…

cs.CV2026

Spectral Gaps and Spatial Priors: Studying Hyperspectral Downstream Adaptation Using TerraMind

Julia Anna Leonardi, Johannes Jakubik, Paolo Fraccaro +1

Geospatial Foundation Models (GFMs) typically lack native support for Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) due to the complexity and sheer size of high-dimensional spectral data. This study…

cs.CV2026

TerraFlow: Multimodal, Multitemporal Representation Learning for Earth Observation

Nazar Puriy, Johannes Jakubik, Benedikt Blumenstiel +1

We propose TerraFlow, a novel approach to multimodal, multitemporal learning for Earth observation. TerraFlow builds on temporal training objectives that enable sequence-aware lear…

cs.CV2026

SIMPLER: Efficient Foundation Model Adaptation via Similarity-Guided Layer Pruning for Earth Observation

Víctor Barreiro, Johannes Jakubik, Francisco Argüello +1

Fine-tuning foundation models for Earth Observation is computationally expensive, with high training time and memory demands for both training and deployment. Parameter-efficient m…

cs.CV2026

Phaedra: Learning High-Fidelity Discrete Tokenization for the Physical Science

Levi Lingsch, Georgios Kissas, Johannes Jakubik +1

Tokens are discrete representations that allow modern deep learning to scale by transforming high-dimensional data into sequences that can be efficiently learned, generated, and ge…

cs.CV2025

Quantizing Space and Time: Fusing Time Series and Images for Earth Observation

Gianfranco Basile, Johannes Jakubik, Benedikt Blumenstiel +2

We propose a task-agnostic framework for multimodal fusion of time series and single timestamp images, enabling cross-modal generation and robust downstream performance. Our approa…

cs.CV2025★ 1 cited

Hyperspectral Vision Transformers for Greenhouse Gas Estimations from Space

Ruben Gonzalez Avilés, Linus Scheibenreif, Nassim Ait Ali Braham +8

Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed spectral information and holds significant potential for monitoring of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, its application is constrained by l…

cs.CV2025

TerraMesh: A Planetary Mosaic of Multimodal Earth Observation Data

Benedikt Blumenstiel, Paolo Fraccaro, Valerio Marsocci +8

Large-scale foundation models in Earth Observation can learn versatile, label-efficient representations by leveraging massive amounts of unlabeled data. However, existing public da…

cs.CV2025

TerraMind: Large-Scale Generative Multimodality for Earth Observation

Johannes Jakubik, Felix Yang, Benedikt Blumenstiel +13

We present TerraMind, the first any-to-any generative, multimodal foundation model for Earth observation (EO). Unlike other multimodal models, TerraMind is pretrained on dual-scale…

cs.CV2023★ 16 cited

Foundation Models for Generalist Geospatial Artificial Intelligence

Johannes Jakubik, Sujit Roy, C. E. Phillips +30

Significant progress in the development of highly adaptable and reusable Artificial Intelligence (AI) models is expected to have a significant impact on Earth science and remote se…