activity
20232026
most citedTower: An Open Multilingual Large Language Model for Translation-Related Tasks

6 citations · 15 across the 14 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

17 papers

cs.CL2026

MindEval2: Clinically Grounded Patients and Rubrics for Evaluating Language Models in Mental Health Support

John Mendonça, Daniel Tschernutter, José Pombal +6

With people increasingly turning to AI chatbots for mental health support, the need to evaluate these tools is becoming more pressing. Recent benchmarks attempt to mimic a realisti…

cs.CL2026

SEQUOR: A Multi-Turn Benchmark for Realistic Constraint Following

Beatriz Canaverde, Duarte M. Alves, José Pombal +2

In a conversation, a helpful assistant must reliably follow user directives, even as they refine, modify, or contradict earlier requests. Yet most instruction-following benchmarks…

cs.CL2026

Self-Preference Bias in Rubric-Based Evaluation of Large Language Models

José Pombal, Ricardo Rei, André F. T. Martins

LLM-as-a-judge has become the de facto approach for evaluating LLM outputs. However, judges are known to exhibit self-preference bias (SPB): they tend to favor outputs produced by…

cs.CL2026

EuroLLM-22B: Technical Report

Miguel Moura Ramos, Duarte M. Alves, Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef +15

This report presents EuroLLM-22B, a large language model trained from scratch to support the needs of European citizens by covering all 24 official European Union languages and 11…

cs.AI2026

MindGuard: Guardrail Classifiers for Multi-Turn Mental Health Support

António Farinhas, Nuno M. Guerreiro, José Pombal +6

Large language models are increasingly used for mental health support, yet their conversational coherence alone does not ensure clinical appropriateness. Existing general-purpose s…

cs.CL2025★ 3 cited

MindEval: Benchmarking Language Models on Multi-turn Mental Health Support

José Pombal, Maya D'Eon, Nuno M. Guerreiro +3

Demand for mental health support through AI chatbots is surging, though current systems present several limitations, like sycophancy or overvalidation, and reinforcement of maladap…

cs.CL2025

Tower+: Bridging Generality and Translation Specialization in Multilingual LLMs

Ricardo Rei, Nuno M. Guerreiro, José Pombal +4

Fine-tuning pretrained LLMs has been shown to be an effective strategy for reaching state-of-the-art performance on specific tasks like machine translation. However, this process o…

cs.CL2025

EuroLLM-9B: Technical Report

Pedro Henrique Martins, João Alves, Patrick Fernandes +14

This report presents EuroLLM-9B, a large language model trained from scratch to support the needs of European citizens by covering all 24 official European Union languages and 11 a…

cs.CL2025

M-Prometheus: A Suite of Open Multilingual LLM Judges

José Pombal, Dongkeun Yoon, Patrick Fernandes +5

The use of language models for automatically evaluating long-form text (LLM-as-a-judge) is becoming increasingly common, yet most LLM judges are optimized exclusively for English,…

cs.CL2025

Zero-shot Benchmarking: A Framework for Flexible and Scalable Automatic Evaluation of Language Models

José Pombal, Nuno M. Guerreiro, Ricardo Rei +1

As language models improve and become capable of performing more complex tasks across modalities, evaluating them automatically becomes increasingly challenging. Developing strong…

cs.CL2025

Adding Chocolate to Mint: Mitigating Metric Interference in Machine Translation

José Pombal, Nuno M. Guerreiro, Ricardo Rei +1

As automatic metrics become increasingly stronger and widely adopted, the risk of unintentionally "gaming the metric" during model development rises. This issue is caused by metric…

cs.CL2024

A Context-aware Framework for Translation-mediated Conversations

José Pombal, Sweta Agrawal, Patrick Fernandes +2

Automatic translation systems offer a powerful solution to bridge language barriers in scenarios where participants do not share a common language. However, these systems can intro…

cs.CL2024★ 3 cited

EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europe

Pedro Henrique Martins, Patrick Fernandes, João Alves +12

The quality of open-weight LLMs has seen significant improvement, yet they remain predominantly focused on English. In this paper, we introduce the EuroLLM project, aimed at develo…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

xTower: A Multilingual LLM for Explaining and Correcting Translation Errors

Marcos Treviso, Nuno M. Guerreiro, Sweta Agrawal +7

While machine translation (MT) systems are achieving increasingly strong performance on benchmarks, they often produce translations with errors and anomalies. Understanding these e…

cs.CL2024★ 6 cited

Tower: An Open Multilingual Large Language Model for Translation-Related Tasks

Duarte M. Alves, José Pombal, Nuno M. Guerreiro +10

While general-purpose large language models (LLMs) demonstrate proficiency on multiple tasks within the domain of translation, approaches based on open LLMs are competitive only wh…

cs.CL2023★ 2 cited

Steering Large Language Models for Machine Translation with Finetuning and In-Context Learning

Duarte M. Alves, Nuno M. Guerreiro, João Alves +5

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising avenue for machine translation (MT). However, current LLM-based MT systems are brittle: their effectiveness highly depends on the choic…

cs.CL2023

Scaling up COMETKIWI: Unbabel-IST 2023 Submission for the Quality Estimation Shared Task

Ricardo Rei, Nuno M. Guerreiro, José Pombal +5

We present the joint contribution of Unbabel and Instituto Superior Técnico to the WMT 2023 Shared Task on Quality Estimation (QE). Our team participated on all tasks: sentence- an…