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cs.CL2026
Mitigating Database Leakage in RAG Systems with Keyword-Grounded Fact Substitution
Ziliang Zhang, Yubo Zhu, Wei Tong +4
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for combining large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge sources. However, RAG systems remain vuln…
cs.CL2025
The LLM Already Knows: Estimating LLM-Perceived Question Difficulty via Hidden Representations
Yubo Zhu, Dongrui Liu, Zecheng Lin +3
Estimating the difficulty of input questions as perceived by large language models (LLMs) is essential for accurate performance evaluation and adaptive inference. Existing methods…