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20222026
most citedIncremental Permutation Feature Importance (iPFI): Towards Online Explanations on Data Streams

53 citations · 107 across the 19 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.LG2026

Proxy-Based Approximation of Shapley and Banzhaf Interactions

Santo M. A. R. Thies, Hubert Baniecki, R. Teal Witter +3

Shapley and Banzhaf interactions capture the complex dynamics inherent in modern machine learning applications. However, current estimators for these higher-order interactions trad…

cs.LG2026

ConfoundingSHAP: Quantifying confounding strength in causal inference

Marie Brockschmidt, Santo M. A. R. Thies, Maresa Schröder +5

In causal inference, confounders are variables that influence both treatment decisions and outcomes. However, unlike as in randomized clinical trials, the treatment assignment mech…

cs.LG2026

Efficient Credal Prediction through Decalibration

Paul Hofman, Timo Löhr, Maximilian Muschalik +2

A reliable representation of uncertainty is essential for the application of modern machine learning methods in safety-critical settings. In this regard, the use of credal sets (i.…

cs.LG2026

Exactly Computing do-Shapley Values

R. Teal Witter, Álvaro Parafita, Tomas Garriga +4

Structural Causal Models (SCM) are a powerful framework for describing complicated dynamics across the natural sciences. A particularly elegant way of interpreting SCMs is do-Shapl…

cs.LG2025

HyperSHAP: Shapley Values and Interactions for Explaining Hyperparameter Optimization

Marcel Wever, Maximilian Muschalik, Fabian Fumagalli +1

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is a crucial step in achieving strong predictive performance. Yet, the impact of individual hyperparameters on model generalization is highly cont…

cs.LG2025

Exact Computation of Any-Order Shapley Interactions for Graph Neural Networks

Maximilian Muschalik, Fabian Fumagalli, Paolo Frazzetto +5

Albeit the ubiquitous use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in machine learning (ML) prediction tasks involving graph-structured data, their interpretability remains challenging. In…

cs.LG2024

Unifying Feature-Based Explanations with Functional ANOVA and Cooperative Game Theory

Fabian Fumagalli, Maximilian Muschalik, Eyke Hüllermeier +2

Feature-based explanations, using perturbations or gradients, are a prevalent tool to understand decisions of black box machine learning models. Yet, differences between these meth…

cs.LG2024★ 5 cited

shapiq: Shapley Interactions for Machine Learning

Maximilian Muschalik, Hubert Baniecki, Fabian Fumagalli +3

Originally rooted in game theory, the Shapley Value (SV) has recently become an important tool in machine learning research. Perhaps most notably, it is used for feature attributio…

cs.LG2024★ 1 cited

KernelSHAP-IQ: Weighted Least-Square Optimization for Shapley Interactions

Fabian Fumagalli, Maximilian Muschalik, Patrick Kolpaczki +2

The Shapley value (SV) is a prevalent approach of allocating credit to machine learning (ML) entities to understand black box ML models. Enriching such interpretations with higher-…

cs.LG2024★ 14 cited

Beyond TreeSHAP: Efficient Computation of Any-Order Shapley Interactions for Tree Ensembles

Maximilian Muschalik, Fabian Fumagalli, Barbara Hammer +1

While shallow decision trees may be interpretable, larger ensemble models like gradient-boosted trees, which often set the state of the art in machine learning problems involving t…

cs.LG2023★ 14 cited

iPDP: On Partial Dependence Plots in Dynamic Modeling Scenarios

Maximilian Muschalik, Fabian Fumagalli, Rohit Jagtani +2

Post-hoc explanation techniques such as the well-established partial dependence plot (PDP), which investigates feature dependencies, are used in explainable artificial intelligence…

cs.LG2023★ 6 cited

iSAGE: An Incremental Version of SAGE for Online Explanation on Data Streams

Maximilian Muschalik, Fabian Fumagalli, Barbara Hammer +1

Existing methods for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), including popular feature importance measures such as SAGE, are mostly restricted to the batch learning scenario. Ho…

cs.LG2023★ 14 cited

SHAP-IQ: Unified Approximation of any-order Shapley Interactions

Fabian Fumagalli, Maximilian Muschalik, Patrick Kolpaczki +2

Predominately in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) research, the Shapley value (SV) is applied to determine feature attributions for any black box model. Shapley interactio…

cs.LG2022★ 53 cited

Incremental Permutation Feature Importance (iPFI): Towards Online Explanations on Data Streams

Fabian Fumagalli, Maximilian Muschalik, Eyke Hüllermeier +1

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has mainly focused on static learning scenarios so far. We are interested in dynamic scenarios where data is sampled progressively, and le…