Winding number criterion for the origin to belong to the numerical range of a matrix on a loop of matrices

Cheng Guo, Shanhui Fan

Let $A:[0,1]\to GL(n,\mathbb{C})$ be continuous with $A(0)=A(1)$, thus the winding number of $\det A$ is well-defined. If the winding number is not divisible by $n$, then the origi…