414 citations · 2.3k across the 70 of their papers we have counts for
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hep-th2016★ 96 cited
An Addendum to the Heisenberg-Euler effective action beyond one loop
Holger Gies, Felix Karbstein
We study the effective interactions of external electromagnetic fields induced by fluctuations of virtual particles in the vacuum of quantum electrodynamics. Our main focus is on t…
hep-th2016★ 9 cited
The quantum vacuum in electromagnetic fields: From the Heisenberg-Euler effective action to vacuum birefringence
Felix Karbstein
The focus of these lectures is on the quantum vacuum subjected to classical electromagnetic fields. To this end we explicitly derive the renowned Heisenberg-Euler effective action…