An Opacity-Free Method of Testing the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation Using Strongly Lensed Gravitational Wave Signals

Shun-Jia Huang, En-Kun Li, Jian-dong Zhang +4

The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR), expressed as DL(z) = (1 + z)2DA(z), plays an important role in modern cosmology. In this paper, we propose a new method of testing CDDR…