2 papers
physics.optics2026
Photons in Media: A Second-Quantization Scheme Based on a Dirac-like Equation
Lili Yang, Longlong Feng, Pengming Zhang
We develop a second-quantization framework for photons based on the optical Dirac equation of source-free Maxwell theory in generic media. In this formulation, the electromagnetic…
physics.optics2026
Gauge Symmetry as the Origin of Spin-Orbit Coupling of Light
Lili Yang, Longlong Feng, Pengming Zhang
Dual symmetry is an intrinsic property of Maxwell's equations, corresponding to a global U(1) symmetry in vacuum, with helicity as the associated conserved quantity. In this paper,…