3 papers
physics.optics2026
Photons in Media: A Second-Quantization Scheme Based on a Dirac-like Equation
Lili Yang, Longlong Feng, Pengming Zhang
We develop a second-quantization framework for photons based on the optical Dirac equation of source-free Maxwell theory in generic media. In this formulation, the electromagnetic…
physics.optics2026
Gauge Symmetry as the Origin of Spin-Orbit Coupling of Light
Lili Yang, Longlong Feng, Pengming Zhang
Dual symmetry is an intrinsic property of Maxwell's equations, corresponding to a global U(1) symmetry in vacuum, with helicity as the associated conserved quantity. In this paper,…
physics.optics2025
Induced Berry Connection and Photonic Spin Hall Effect in Optical Dirac Theory
Lili Yang, Longlong Feng
Within the framework of optical Dirac theory, we present a field-theoretical model of spin-orbit interaction and photonic spin/orbit Hall effects. Our approach reformulates light p…