Virtual Reality-Based Preoperative Planning for Optimized Trocar Placement in Thoracic Surgery: A Preliminary Study

Arash Harirpoush, George Rakovich, Marta Kersten-Oertel +1

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive approach for treating early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Optimal trocar placement during VATS ensures comprehens…