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20232026
most citedA mathematical perspective on Transformers

6 citations · 10 across the 19 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.LG2025

Normalization in Attention Dynamics

Nikita Karagodin, Shu Ge, Yury Polyanskiy +1

We study the effect of normalization schemes on token representations in deep transformers. Modeling their evolution as interacting particles on the sphere, we show that normalizat…

math.PR2025

On the Structure of Stationary Solutions to McKean-Vlasov Equations with Applications to Noisy Transformers

Krishnakumar Balasubramanian, Sayan Banerjee, Philippe Rigollet

We study stationary solutions of McKean-Vlasov equations on the circle. Our main contributions stem from observing an exact equivalence between solutions of the stationary McKean-V…

cs.LG2025

Critical attention scaling in long-context transformers

Shi Chen, Zhengjiang Lin, Yury Polyanskiy +1

As large language models scale to longer contexts, attention layers suffer from a fundamental pathology: attention scores collapse toward uniformity as context length increases…

math.DS2025

Synchronization of mean-field models on the circle

Yury Polyanskiy, Philippe Rigollet, Andrew Yao

This paper considers a mean-field model of interacting particles whose state space is the unit circle, a generalization of the classical Kuramoto model. Global synchronization…

cs.LG2025

Quantitative Clustering in Mean-Field Transformer Models

Shi Chen, Zhengjiang Lin, Yury Polyanskiy +1

The evolution of tokens through deep transformer models can be modeled as an interacting particle system that has been shown to exhibit an asymptotic clustering behavior akin to th…

cs.LG2025

Residual connections provably mitigate oversmoothing in graph neural networks

Ziang Chen, Zhengjiang Lin, Shi Chen +2

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable empirical success in processing and representing graph-structured data across various domains. However, a significant challeng…