11 papers
The Influences of Hydrogen-Silicate-Iron Miscibility on the Demographics of Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Edward D. Young, Aaron Werlen
Models based on variable miscibility among hydrogen, molten silicate, and molten iron, coupled with atmospheric escape, can reproduce the observed occurrence density structure of s…
Ice Giants Revisited: Uranus and Neptune as Magma Ocean Worlds
Edward D. Young, Sarah P. Marcum, Aaron Werlen +1
Uranus and Neptune are commonly interpreted as volatile-rich "ice giants", an assumption that underpins most interior models. Here we show that their observed radii, bulk densities…
A New Global Chemical Equilibrium Code: Refractory Element Signatures in Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
Simon Grimm, Marie-Luise Steinmeyer, Aaron Werlen +3
The atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes can be strongly modified by chemical exchange with their molten interiors during long-lived magma ocean phases. Interpreting atmosp…
Magma ocean interactions can explain JWST observations of the sub-Neptune TOI-270 d
Matthew C. Nixon, R. Sander Somers, Arjun B. Savel +9
Sub-Neptunes with substantial atmospheres may possess magma oceans in contact with the overlying gas, with chemical interactions between the atmosphere and magma playing an importa…
The Effects of Non-ideal Mixing in Planetary Magma Oceans and Atmospheres
Aaron Werlen, Edward D. Young, Hilke E. Schlichting +2
Sub-Neptunes with hydrogen-rich envelopes are expected to sustain long-lived magma oceans that continuously exchange volatiles with their overlying atmospheres. Capturing these int…
Differentiation, the exception not the rule -- Evidence for full miscibility in sub-Neptune interiors
Edward D. Young, Aaron Werlen, Sarah P. Marcum +2
We investigate the consequences of non-ideal mixing between silicate, iron metal, and hydrogen for the structures of the cores of sub-Neptunes with implications for super-Earths, w…