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cs.CL2026

Adam's Law: Textual Frequency Law on Large Language Models

Hongyuan Adam Lu, Z. L., Victor Wei +5

While textual frequency has been validated as relevant to human cognition in reading speed, its relatedness to Large Language Models (LLMs) is seldom studied. We propose a novel re…

cs.CL2026

Dictionary Insertion Prompting for Multilingual Reasoning on Multilingual Large Language Models

Hongyuan Lu, Zixuan Li, Wai Lam

There are two shortages in the current Large Language Models (LLMs) era. The first is short of multilingual models, where most LLMs are English-centric and performance is limited o…

cs.CL2026

Toxic Subword Pruning for Dialogue Response Generation on Large Language Models

Hongyuan Lu, Wai Lam

How to defend large language models (LLMs) from generating toxic content is an important research area. Yet, most research focused on various model training techniques to remediate…

cs.CL2026

SLoW: Select Low-frequency Words! Automatic Dictionary Selection for Translation on Large Language Models

Hongyuan Lu, Zixuan Li, Zefan Zhang +1

There are more than 7,000 languages around the world, and current Large Language Models (LLMs) only support hundreds of languages. Dictionary-based prompting methods can enhance tr…

cs.CL2026

Stephanie2: Thinking, Waiting, and Making Decisions Like Humans in Step-by-Step AI Social Chat

Hao Yang, Hongyuan Lu, Dingkang Yang +8

Instant-messaging human social chat typically progresses through a sequence of short messages. Existing step-by-step AI chatting systems typically split a one-shot generation into…

cs.CL2025

LNE-Blocking: An Efficient Framework for Contamination Mitigation Evaluation on Large Language Models

Ruijie Hou, Yueyang Jiao, Hanxu Hu +4

The problem of data contamination is now almost inevitable during the development of large language models (LLMs), with the training data commonly integrating those evaluation benc…