17 papers
The Mirage of Optimizing Training Policies: Monotonic Inference Policies as the Real Objective for LLM Reinforcement Learning
Jing Liang, Hongyao Tang, Yi Ma +9
Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained growing attention in large language model (LLM) post-training, yet RL training remains fragile and can suffer from instability or collapse. O…
Complementary RL: Towards Efficient Experience-Driven Agent Learning
Dilxat Muhtar, Jiashun Liu, Wei Gao +8
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training LLM-based agents, yet remains limited by low sample efficiency, stemming not only from sparse outcome fe…
RollArt: Disaggregated Multi-Task Agentic RL Training at Scale
Wei Gao, Yuheng Zhao, Tianyuan Wu +15
Agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL) trains LLMs through multi-turn interactions with environments, producing workloads that mix compute-bound prefill, bandwidth-bound decoding, CPU…
Attention Illuminates LLM Reasoning: The Preplan-and-Anchor Rhythm Enables Fine-Grained Policy Optimization
Yang Li, Zhichen Dong, Yuhan Sun +9
The reasoning pattern of Large language models (LLMs) remains opaque, and reinforcement learning (RL) typically applies uniform credit across an entire generation, blurring the dis…
MeSH: Memory-as-State-Highways for Recursive Transformers
Chengting Yu, Xiaobo Shu, Yadao Wang +8
Recursive transformers reuse parameters and iterate over hidden states multiple times, decoupling compute depth from parameter depth. However, under matched compute, recursive mode…
One Sample to Rule Them All: Extreme Data Efficiency in Multidiscipline Reasoning with Reinforcement Learning
Yiyuan Li, Zhen Huang, Yanan Wu +6
The reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) can be unleashed with reinforcement learning (RL) (OpenAI, 2024; DeepSeek-AI et al., 2025a; Zeng et al., 2025). The success of…