Dual topological nonlinear sigma models of $\text{QED}$ theory by dimensional reduction and monopole operators

Zhengzhi Wu, Linhao Li

Nonlinear $\sigma$ models (NLSM) with topological terms, i.e., Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) terms, or topological NLSM, are potent descriptions of many critical points and phases beyond the…