most citedSafe-Child-LLM: A Developmental Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Safety in Child-LLM Interactions

1 citations · 1 across the 5 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

19 papers

cs.CV2026

SafeGesture: Evaluating Fine-Grained Hand Gesture Understanding in Vision-Language Models through Scenario-Conditioned Safety Interpretation

Taegang Kim, Saleh Afroogh, Junfeng Jiao

Open-weight and frontier vision-language models (VLMs) perform well on general image understanding, but their ability to interpret fine-grained hand gestures in safety-critical ope…

cs.CY2026

LLM Harms: A Taxonomy and Discussion

Kevin Chen, Saleh Afroogh, Abhejay Murali +3

This study addresses categories of harm surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of artificial intelligence. It addresses five categories of harms addressed before, du…

cs.DL2026

From Text to Discovery: How Large Language Models Are Reshaping Research Across Scientific and Humanistic Disciplines

Saleh Afroogh, Yasser Pouresmaeil, Yiming Xu +3

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping academic research across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, yet the scientific community lacks a comprehensiv…

cs.CY2026

Beyond Explainable AI (XAI): An Overdue Paradigm Shift and Post-XAI Research Directions

Saleh Afroogh, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Petra Ahrweiler +46

This study provides a cross-disciplinary examination of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches-focusing on deep neural networks (DNNs) and large language models (LLMs…

cs.CY20261 cited

Safe-Child-LLM: A Developmental Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Safety in Child-LLM Interactions

Junfeng Jiao, Saleh Afroogh, Kevin Chen +3

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly power applications used by children and adolescents, ensuring safe and age-appropriate interactions has become an urgent ethical impera…

cs.CY2026

LLMs and Childhood Safety: Identifying Risks and Proposing a Protection Framework for Safe Child-LLM Interaction

Junfeng Jiao, Saleh Afroogh, Kevin Chen +3

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in child-facing contexts such as education, companionship, creative tools, but their deployment raises safety, privacy, devel…