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20212025
most citedC-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings

75 citations · 311 across the 28 of their papers we have counts for

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19 papers · 1 filter

cs.CL2025

Does RAG Really Perform Bad For Long-Context Processing?

Kun Luo, Zheng Liu, Peitian Zhang +3

The efficient processing of long context poses a serious challenge for large language models (LLMs). Recently, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising strat…

cs.CL2025★ 15 cited

MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmark

Kenneth Enevoldsen, Isaac Chung, Imene Kerboua +83

Text embeddings are typically evaluated on a limited set of tasks, which are constrained by language, domain, and task diversity. To address these limitations and provide a more co…

cs.CL2024★ 5 cited

MemoRAG: Boosting Long Context Processing with Global Memory-Enhanced Retrieval Augmentation

Hongjin Qian, Zheng Liu, Peitian Zhang +4

Processing long contexts presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). While recent advancements allow LLMs to handle much longer contexts than before (e.g., 3…

cs.CL2024

Large Language Models as Foundations for Next-Gen Dense Retrieval: A Comprehensive Empirical Assessment

Kun Luo, Minghao Qin, Zheng Liu +3

Pretrained language models like BERT and T5 serve as crucial backbone encoders for dense retrieval. However, these models often exhibit limited generalization capabilities and face…

cs.CL2024★ 3 cited

Are Long-LLMs A Necessity For Long-Context Tasks?

Hongjin Qian, Zheng Liu, Peitian Zhang +4

The learning and deployment of long-LLMs remains a challenging problem despite recent progresses. In this work, we argue that the long-LLMs are not a necessity to solve long-contex…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Compressing Lengthy Context With UltraGist

Peitian Zhang, Zheng Liu, Shitao Xiao +3

Compressing lengthy context is a critical but technically challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new method called UltraGist, which is distinguished for its high-quality…

cs.CL2024★ 4 cited

Extending Llama-3's Context Ten-Fold Overnight

Peitian Zhang, Ninglu Shao, Zheng Liu +4

We extend the context length of Llama-3-8B-Instruct from 8K to 80K via QLoRA fine-tuning. The entire training cycle is super efficient, which takes 8 hours on one 8xA800 (80G) GPU…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

Understanding Privacy Risks of Embeddings Induced by Large Language Models

Zhihao Zhu, Ninglu Shao, Defu Lian +4

Large language models (LLMs) show early signs of artificial general intelligence but struggle with hallucinations. One promising solution to mitigate these hallucinations is to sto…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Extensible Embedding: A Flexible Multipler For LLM's Context Length

Ninglu Shao, Shitao Xiao, Zheng Liu +1

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

BGE Landmark Embedding: A Chunking-Free Embedding Method For Retrieval Augmented Long-Context Large Language Models

Kun Luo, Zheng Liu, Shitao Xiao +1

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality…

cs.CL2024★ 63 cited

M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation

Jianlv Chen, Shitao Xiao, Peitian Zhang +3

In this paper, we introduce a new embedding model called M3-Embedding, which is distinguished for its versatility in \textit{Multi-Linguality}, \textit{Multi-Functionality}, and \t…

cs.CL2024

Flexibly Scaling Large Language Models Contexts Through Extensible Tokenization

Ninglu Shao, Shitao Xiao, Zheng Liu +1

Large language models (LLMs) are in need of sufficient contexts to handle many critical applications, such as retrieval augmented generation and few-shot learning. However, due to…

cs.CL2024★ 4 cited

INTERS: Unlocking the Power of Large Language Models in Search with Instruction Tuning

Yutao Zhu, Peitian Zhang, Chenghao Zhang +5

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. Despite this, their application to information retrieval (IR) t…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

Long Context Compression with Activation Beacon

Peitian Zhang, Zheng Liu, Shitao Xiao +3

Long context compression is a critical research problem due to its significance in reducing the high computational and memory costs associated with LLMs. In this paper, we propose…

cs.CL2023

LM-Cocktail: Resilient Tuning of Language Models via Model Merging

Shitao Xiao, Zheng Liu, Peitian Zhang +1

The pre-trained language models are continually fine-tuned to better support downstream applications. However, this operation may result in significant performance degeneration on…

cs.CL2023★ 3 cited

Llama2Vec: Unsupervised Adaptation of Large Language Models for Dense Retrieval

Zheng Liu, Chaofan Li, Shitao Xiao +2

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs)…

cs.CL2023★ 75 cited

C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings

Shitao Xiao, Zheng Liu, Peitian Zhang +3

We introduce C-Pack, a package of resources that significantly advance the field of general Chinese embeddings. C-Pack includes three critical resources. 1) C-MTEB is a comprehensi…

cs.CL2022★ 1 cited

RetroMAE v2: Duplex Masked Auto-Encoder For Pre-Training Retrieval-Oriented Language Models

Shitao Xiao, Zheng Liu

To better support retrieval applications such as web search and question answering, growing effort is made to develop retrieval-oriented language models. Most of the existing works…

cs.CL2021★ 38 cited

GraphFormers: GNN-nested Transformers for Representation Learning on Textual Graph

Junhan Yang, Zheng Liu, Shitao Xiao +6

The representation learning on textual graph is to generate low-dimensional embeddings for the nodes based on the individual textual features and the neighbourhood information. Rec…