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20242026
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cs.LG2026

Watermarking for Proprietary Dataset Protection

John Kirchenbauer, Brian R. Bartoldson, Bhavya Kailkhura +1

A growing body of literature suggests that training data membership inference problems are fundamentally hard tasks in modern language modeling settings. We argue that output water…

cs.LG2026

LongCoT: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Sumeet Ramesh Motwani, Daniel Nichols, Charles London +17

As language models are increasingly deployed for complex autonomous tasks, their ability to reason accurately over longer horizons becomes critical. An essential component of this…

cs.LG2026

Get RICH or Die Scaling: Profitably Trading Inference Compute for Robustness

Tavish McDonald, Bo Lei, Stanislav Fort +2

Test-time reasoning has raised benchmark performances and even shown promise in addressing the historically intractable problem of making models robust to adversarially out-of-dist…

cs.LG2026

A Comedy of Estimators: On KL Regularization in RL Training of LLMs

Vedant Shah, Johan Obando-Ceron, Vineet Jain +11

The reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved by training them with reinforcement learning (RL). The RL objective for LLM training involve…

cs.LG2026

Recursive Self-Aggregation Unlocks Deep Thinking in Large Language Models

Siddarth Venkatraman, Vineet Jain, Sarthak Mittal +9

Test-time scaling methods improve the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by increasing the amount of compute used during inference to make a prediction. Inference-time co…

cs.LG2025

Trajectory Balance with Asynchrony: Decoupling Exploration and Learning for Fast, Scalable LLM Post-Training

Brian Bartoldson, Siddarth Venkatraman, James Diffenderfer +7

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a critical component of large language model (LLM) post-training. However, on-policy algorithms used for post-training are not naturally robust to a…