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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Language Bottleneck Models for Qualitative Knowledge State Modeling

Antonin Berthon, Mihaela van der Schaar

Accurately assessing student knowledge is central to education. Cognitive Diagnosis (CD) models estimate student proficiency at a fixed point in time, while Knowledge Tracing (KT)…

cs.CL2026

GameTalk: Training LLMs for Strategic Conversation

Victor Conchello Vendrell, Max Ruiz Luyten, Mihaela van der Schaar

Strategic decision-making in multi-agent settings is a key challenge for large language models (LLMs), particularly when coordination and negotiation must unfold over extended conv…

cs.CL2025

Visualizing token importance for black-box language models

Paulius Rauba, Qiyao Wei, Mihaela van der Schaar

We consider the problem of auditing black-box large language models (LLMs) to ensure they behave reliably when deployed in production settings, particularly in high-stakes domains…

cs.CL2025

Continuously Updating Digital Twins using Large Language Models

Harry Amad, Nicolás Astorga, Mihaela van der Schaar

Digital twins are models of real-world systems that can simulate their dynamics in response to potential actions. In complex settings, the state and action variables, and available…

cs.CL2025

Statistical Hypothesis Testing for Auditing Robustness in Language Models

Paulius Rauba, Qiyao Wei, Mihaela van der Schaar

Consider the problem of testing whether the outputs of a large language model (LLM) system change under an arbitrary intervention, such as an input perturbation or changing the mod…

cs.CL2025

The Synergy of LLMs & RL Unlocks Offline Learning of Generalizable Language-Conditioned Policies with Low-fidelity Data

Thomas Pouplin, Katarzyna Kobalczyk, Hao Sun +1

Developing autonomous agents capable of performing complex, multi-step decision-making tasks specified in natural language remains a significant challenge, particularly in realisti…