Training-Time Optical Priors for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Classification: Hemoglobin-Aware Input Fusion with Cross-Vendor Evaluation

Chengshuai Yang, Lei Xing, Keyaan Zawad Alam +4

Gastrointestinal cancers cause approximately 3.4 million deaths annually, and early small-bowel lesions are easily missed at wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). RGB-trained WCE class…