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cs.AI2026

SHE: Trajectory-driven Safety Harness Evolution for LLM Agents

Wanying Qu, Qinghua Mao, Yu Li +12

The safety of large language model (LLM) agents depends not only on model weights but also on the agent harness that manages context, memory, tools, permissions, and runtime contro…

cs.AI2026

A First-Principles Derivation of LLM Policy Optimization: From Expected Reward to GRPO and Its Structural Extensions

Jianghan Shen, Siqi Luo, Yue Li +9

Policy gradient algorithms for language models optimize the same objective , which has exactly two factors: the trajectory probability…

cs.AI2026

ATBench: A Diverse and Realistic Agent Trajectory Benchmark for Safety Evaluation and Diagnosis

Yu Li, Haoyu Luo, Yuejin Xie +10

Evaluating the safety of LLM-based agents is increasingly important because risks in realistic deployments often emerge over multi-step interactions rather than isolated prompts or…

cs.AI2025

COSMO-RL: Towards Trustworthy LMRMs via Joint Safety and Stability

Yizhuo Ding, Mingkang Chen, Qiuhua Liu +7

Large Multimodal Reasoning Models (LMRMs) are moving into real applications, where they must be both useful and safe. Safety is especially challenging in multimodal settings: image…

cs.AI2025

SafeWork-R1: Coevolving Safety and Intelligence under the AI-45 Law

Shanghai AI Lab, :, Yicheng Bao +115

We introduce SafeWork-R1, a cutting-edge multimodal reasoning model that demonstrates the coevolution of capabilities and safety. It is developed by our proposed SafeLadder framewo…