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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Cultivar: A Contrastive and Locale-Oriented Translation Benchmark for Investigating Contamination and Localisation Robustness

Pinzhen Chen, Koel Dutta Chowdhury, Xiaoya Xu +20

Multilingual translation benchmarks are typically sourced in English and translated into other languages, treating language pairs as the unit of evaluation---a design that is prone…

cs.CL2026

Reinforcement Learning Elicits Contextual Learning of Unseen Language Translation

Hanxu Hu, Zdeněk Šnajdr, Pinzhen Chen +2

Prior work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can translate unseen or low-resource languages by undergoing continued training or even by encoding a grammar book in their c…

cs.CL2026

HPLT 3.0: Very Large-Scale Multilingual Resources for LLMs and MT. Mono- and Bi-lingual Data, Multilingual Evaluation, and Pre-Trained Models

Stephan Oepen, Nikolay Arefev, Mikko Aulamo +29

We present an ongoing initiative to provide open, very large, high-quality, and richly annotated textual datasets for almost 200 languages. At 30 trillion tokens, this is likely th…

cs.CL2026

When Flores Bloomz Wrong: Cross-Direction Contamination in Machine Translation Evaluation

David Tan, Pinzhen Chen, Josef van Genabith +1

Large language models (LLMs) can be benchmark-contaminated, resulting in inflated scores that mask memorization as generalization, and in multilingual settings, this memorization c…

cs.CL2025

EMMA-500: Enhancing Massively Multilingual Adaptation of Large Language Models

Shaoxiong Ji, Zihao Li, Jaakko Paavola +7

In this work, we introduce EMMA-500, a large-scale multilingual language model continue-trained on texts across 546 languages designed for enhanced multilingual performance, focusi…

cs.CL2025

DocHPLT: A Massively Multilingual Document-Level Translation Dataset

Dayyán O'Brien, Bhavitvya Malik, Ona de Gibert +3

Existing document-level machine translation resources are only available for a handful of languages, mostly high-resourced ones. To facilitate the training and evaluation of docume…