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20242026
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cs.CY2026

Analyzing the Difficulty of Programming Assignments with Interpretable Knowledge Component Metrics

Tsvetomila Mihaylova, Jing Fan, Bita Akram +4

This research paper examines how Knowledge Components (KCs) - fine-grained concepts or skills required to solve programming tasks - can be used as interpretable signals for underst…

cs.CY2026

The Missing Evaluation Axis: What 10,000 Student Submissions Reveal About AI Tutor Effectiveness

Rose Niousha, Samantha Boatright Smith, Bita Akram +5

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tutoring systems (AI tutors) are primarily evaluated based on the pedagogical quality of their feedback messages. While important, pedago…

cs.CY2025

How Large Language Models Are Changing MOOC Essay Answers: A Comparison of Pre- and Post-LLM Responses

Leo Leppänen, Lili Aunimo, Arto Hellas +2

The release of ChatGPT in late 2022 caused a flurry of activity and concern in the academic and educational communities. Some see the tool's ability to generate human-like text tha…

cs.CY2024

LLM-itation is the Sincerest Form of Data: Generating Synthetic Buggy Code Submissions for Computing Education

Juho Leinonen, Paul Denny, Olli Kiljunen +3

There is a great need for data in computing education research. Data is needed to understand how students behave, to train models of student behavior to optimally support students,…

cs.CY2024

On the Opportunities of Large Language Models for Programming Process Data

John Edwards, Arto Hellas, Juho Leinonen

Computing educators and researchers have used programming process data to understand how programs are constructed and what sorts of problems students struggle with. Although such d…

cs.CY2024

Comparing the Utility, Preference, and Performance of Course Material Search Functionality and Retrieval-Augmented Generation Large Language Model (RAG-LLM) AI Chatbots in Information-Seeking Tasks

Leonardo Pasquarelli, Charles Koutcheme, Arto Hellas

Providing sufficient support for students requires substantial resources, especially considering the growing enrollment numbers. Students need help in a variety of tasks, ranging f…