activity
20212025
most citedAuditing large language models: a three-layered approach

219 citations · 426 across the 32 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

33 papers

cs.CL2025

Measuring what Matters: Construct Validity in Large Language Model Benchmarks

Andrew M. Bean, Ryan Othniel Kearns, Angelika Romanou +39

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) is crucial for both assessing their capabilities and identifying safety or robustness issues prior to deployment. Reliably measuring abstrac…

cs.CL2025

A Good Plan is Hard to Find: Aligning Models with Preferences is Misaligned with What Helps Users

Nishant Balepur, Matthew Shu, Yoo Yeon Sung +5

To assist users in complex tasks, LLMs generate plans: step-by-step instructions towards a goal. While alignment methods aim to ensure LLM plans are helpful, they train (RLHF) or e…

cs.HC2025★ 3 cited

Clinical knowledge in LLMs does not translate to human interactions

Andrew M. Bean, Rebecca Payne, Guy Parsons +8

Global healthcare providers are exploring use of large language models (LLMs) to provide medical advice to the public. LLMs now achieve nearly perfect scores on medical licensing e…

cs.HC2025★ 8 cited

Why human-AI relationships need socioaffective alignment

Hannah Rose Kirk, Iason Gabriel, Chris Summerfield +2

Humans strive to design safe AI systems that align with our goals and remain under our control. However, as AI capabilities advance, we face a new challenge: the emergence of deepe…

cs.CL2025★ 2 cited

Multilingual != Multicultural: Evaluating Gaps Between Multilingual Capabilities and Cultural Alignment in LLMs

Jonathan Rystrøm, Hannah Rose Kirk, Scott Hale

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable across global languages. However, the ability to communicate across languages does not necessarily translate to appro…

cs.CL2024

PERSONA: A Reproducible Testbed for Pluralistic Alignment

Louis Castricato, Nathan Lile, Rafael Rafailov +2

The rapid advancement of language models (LMs) necessitates robust alignment with diverse user values. However, current preference optimization approaches often fail to capture the…

cs.HC2024★ 2 cited

Modulating Language Model Experiences through Frictions

Katherine M. Collins, Valerie Chen, Ilia Sucholutsky +6

Language models are transforming the ways that their users engage with the world. Despite impressive capabilities, over-consumption of language model outputs risks propagating unch…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

LINGOLY: A Benchmark of Olympiad-Level Linguistic Reasoning Puzzles in Low-Resource and Extinct Languages

Andrew M. Bean, Simi Hellsten, Harry Mayne +5

In this paper, we present the LingOly benchmark, a novel benchmark for advanced reasoning abilities in large language models. Using challenging Linguistic Olympiad puzzles, we eval…

cs.CL2024★ 5 cited

Introducing v0.5 of the AI Safety Benchmark from MLCommons

Bertie Vidgen, Adarsh Agrawal, Ahmed M. Ahmed +97

This paper introduces v0.5 of the AI Safety Benchmark, which has been created by the MLCommons AI Safety Working Group. The AI Safety Benchmark has been designed to assess the safe…

cs.CL2024★ 5 cited

The PRISM Alignment Dataset: What Participatory, Representative and Individualised Human Feedback Reveals About the Subjective and Multicultural Alignment of Large Language Models

Hannah Rose Kirk, Alexander Whitefield, Paul Röttger +9

Human feedback is central to the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, open questions remain about methods (how), domains (where), people (who) and objectives (to wha…

cs.CY2024

Adversarial Nibbler: An Open Red-Teaming Method for Identifying Diverse Harms in Text-to-Image Generation

Jessica Quaye, Alicia Parrish, Oana Inel +12

With the rise of text-to-image (T2I) generative AI models reaching wide audiences, it is critical to evaluate model robustness against non-obvious attacks to mitigate the generatio…

cs.CL2024★ 7 cited

Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Models

Paul Röttger, Valentin Hofmann, Valentina Pyatkin +4

Much recent work seeks to evaluate values and opinions in large language models (LLMs) using multiple-choice surveys and questionnaires. Most of this work is motivated by concerns…

cs.CL2024

Cheap Learning: Maximising Performance of Language Models for Social Data Science Using Minimal Data

Leonardo Castro-Gonzalez, Yi-Ling Chung, Hannak Rose Kirk +4

The field of machine learning has recently made significant progress in reducing the requirements for labelled training data when building new models. These `cheaper' learning tech…

cs.CL2023★ 3 cited

The Empty Signifier Problem: Towards Clearer Paradigms for Operationalising "Alignment" in Large Language Models

Hannah Rose Kirk, Bertie Vidgen, Paul Röttger +1

In this paper, we address the concept of "alignment" in large language models (LLMs) through the lens of post-structuralist socio-political theory, specifically examining its paral…

cs.CL2023★ 5 cited

SimpleSafetyTests: a Test Suite for Identifying Critical Safety Risks in Large Language Models

Bertie Vidgen, Nino Scherrer, Hannah Rose Kirk +4

The past year has seen rapid acceleration in the development of large language models (LLMs). However, without proper steering and safeguards, LLMs will readily follow malicious in…

cs.CL2023

The Past, Present and Better Future of Feedback Learning in Large Language Models for Subjective Human Preferences and Values

Hannah Rose Kirk, Andrew M. Bean, Bertie Vidgen +2

Human feedback is increasingly used to steer the behaviours of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it is unclear how to collect and incorporate feedback in a way that is efficie…

cs.CL2023★ 17 cited

Indian-BhED: A Dataset for Measuring India-Centric Biases in Large Language Models

Khyati Khandelwal, Manuel Tonneau, Andrew M. Bean +2

Large Language Models (LLMs), now used daily by millions, can encode societal biases, exposing their users to representational harms. A large body of scholarship on LLM bias exists…

cs.CL2023★ 6 cited

XSTest: A Test Suite for Identifying Exaggerated Safety Behaviours in Large Language Models

Paul Röttger, Hannah Rose Kirk, Bertie Vidgen +3

Without proper safeguards, large language models will readily follow malicious instructions and generate toxic content. This risk motivates safety efforts such as red-teaming and l…

cs.CL2023

DoDo Learning: DOmain-DemOgraphic Transfer in Language Models for Detecting Abuse Targeted at Public Figures

Angus R. Williams, Hannah Rose Kirk, Liam Burke +6

Public figures receive a disproportionate amount of abuse on social media, impacting their active participation in public life. Automated systems can identify abuse at scale but la…

cs.CV2023★ 3 cited

VisoGender: A dataset for benchmarking gender bias in image-text pronoun resolution

Siobhan Mackenzie Hall, Fernanda Gonçalves Abrantes, Hanwen Zhu +3

We introduce VisoGender, a novel dataset for benchmarking gender bias in vision-language models. We focus on occupation-related biases within a hegemonic system of binary gender, i…

cs.CV2023★ 4 cited

Balancing the Picture: Debiasing Vision-Language Datasets with Synthetic Contrast Sets

Brandon Smith, Miguel Farinha, Siobhan Mackenzie Hall +3

Vision-language models are growing in popularity and public visibility to generate, edit, and caption images at scale; but their outputs can perpetuate and amplify societal biases…

cs.LG2023★ 3 cited

Adversarial Nibbler: A Data-Centric Challenge for Improving the Safety of Text-to-Image Models

Alicia Parrish, Hannah Rose Kirk, Jessica Quaye +10

The generative AI revolution in recent years has been spurred by an expansion in compute power and data quantity, which together enable extensive pre-training of powerful text-to-i…

cs.CL2023★ 11 cited

Assessing Language Model Deployment with Risk Cards

Leon Derczynski, Hannah Rose Kirk, Vidhisha Balachandran +4

This paper introduces RiskCards, a framework for structured assessment and documentation of risks associated with an application of language models. As with all language, text gene…

cs.CL2023★ 24 cited

Personalisation within bounds: A risk taxonomy and policy framework for the alignment of large language models with personalised feedback

Hannah Rose Kirk, Bertie Vidgen, Paul Röttger +1

Large language models (LLMs) are used to generate content for a wide range of tasks, and are set to reach a growing audience in coming years due to integration in product interface…