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20212026
most citedEvaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

1.5k citations · 1.7k across the 20 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

21 papers

cs.CL2026

The Dialect Tax: Dialectal Biases Persist throughout the Language Modeling Pipeline

Elle

Systematic dialectal performance gaps in language models (LMs) are well documented, but the source of these disparities within the modern language modeling pipeline remains unclear…

cs.CL2026

TLPO: Token-Level Policy Optimization for Mitigating Language Confusion in Large Language Models

Jinho Choo, JunSeung Lee, Jimyeong Kim +3

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong multilingual capabilities, yet often fail to consistently generate responses in the intended language, exhibiting a phenomenon known…

cs.CL2026

Adam's Law: Textual Frequency Law on Large Language Models

Hongyuan Adam Lu, Z. L., Victor Wei +5

While textual frequency has been validated as relevant to human cognition in reading speed, its relatedness to Large Language Models (LLMs) is seldom studied. We propose a novel re…

cs.CL2026★ 18 cited

OpenAI GPT-5 System Card

Aaditya Singh, Adam Fry, Adam Perelman +483

This is the system card published alongside the OpenAI GPT-5 launch, August 2025. GPT-5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reason…

cs.AI2025

ScheduleMe: Multi-Agent Calendar Assistant

Oshadha Wijerathne, Amandi Nimasha, Dushan Fernando +2

Recent advancements in LLMs have contributed to the rise of advanced conversational assistants that can assist with user needs through natural language conversation. This paper pre…

cs.CL2025

Balancing Knowledge Delivery and Emotional Comfort in Healthcare Conversational Systems

Shang-Chi Tsai, Yun-Nung Chen

With the advancement of large language models, many dialogue systems are now capable of providing reasonable and informative responses to patients' medical conditions. However, whe…

cs.CL2025★ 5 cited

FinanceReasoning: Benchmarking Financial Numerical Reasoning More Credible, Comprehensive and Challenging

Zichen Tang, Haihong E, Ziyan Ma +10

We introduce FinanceReasoning, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large reasoning models (LRMs) in financial numerical reasoning problems. Compare…

cs.CL2025

Self-Error-Instruct: Generalizing from Errors for LLMs Mathematical Reasoning

Erxin Yu, Jing Li, Ming Liao +7

Although large language models demonstrate strong performance across various domains, they still struggle with numerous bad cases in mathematical reasoning. Previous approaches to…

cs.CL2025

ARISE: Iterative Rule Induction and Synthetic Data Generation for Text Classification

Yashwanth M., Vaibhav Singh, Ayush Maheshwari +2

We propose ARISE, a framework that iteratively induces rules and generates synthetic data for text classification. We combine synthetic data generation and automatic rule induction…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

When Every Token Counts: Optimal Segmentation for Low-Resource Language Models

Bharath Raj, Garvit Suri, Vikrant Dewangan +1

Traditional greedy tokenization methods have been a critical step in Natural Language Processing (NLP), influencing how text is converted into tokens and directly impacting model p…

cs.CL2024

Seed-Free Synthetic Data Generation Framework for Instruction-Tuning LLMs: A Case Study in Thai

Parinthapat Pengpun, Can Udomcharoenchaikit, Weerayut Buaphet +1

We present a synthetic data approach for instruction-tuning large language models (LLMs) for low-resource languages in a data-efficient manner, specifically focusing on Thai. We id…

cs.CL2024★ 164 cited

GPT-4o System Card

OpenAI, :, Aaron Hurst +416

GPT-4o is an autoregressive omni model that accepts as input any combination of text, audio, image, and video, and generates any combination of text, audio, and image outputs. It's…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Towards Implicit Bias Detection and Mitigation in Multi-Agent LLM Interactions

Angana Borah, Rada Mihalcea

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, they are increasingly being employed in numerous studies to simulate societies and execute diverse social tasks. However, LLMs a…

cs.CL2024

Losing Visual Needles in Image Haystacks: Vision Language Models are Easily Distracted in Short and Long Contexts

Aditya Sharma, Michael Saxon, William Yang Wang

We present LoCoVQA, a dynamic benchmark generator for evaluating long-context extractive reasoning in vision language models (VLMs). LoCoVQA augments test examples for mathematical…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

BEnQA: A Question Answering and Reasoning Benchmark for Bengali and English

Sheikh Shafayat, H M Quamran Hasan, Minhajur Rahman Chowdhury Mahim +3

In this study, we introduce BEnQA, a dataset comprising parallel Bengali and English exam questions for middle and high school levels in Bangladesh. Our dataset consists of approxi…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

LLMLingua-2: Data Distillation for Efficient and Faithful Task-Agnostic Prompt Compression

Zhuoshi Pan, Qianhui Wu, Huiqiang Jiang +10

This paper focuses on task-agnostic prompt compression for better generalizability and efficiency. Considering the redundancy in natural language, existing approaches compress prom…

cs.CV2024

Towards Artwork Explanation in Large-scale Vision Language Models

Kazuki Hayashi, Yusuke Sakai, Hidetaka Kamigaito +2

Large-scale Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) output text from images and instructions, demonstrating capabilities in text generation and comprehension. However, it has not been clari…

cs.CL2023

GPT-4 Technical Report

OpenAI, Josh Achiam, Steven Adler +278

We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-wor…

cs.CL2022★ 45 cited

Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle

Mohammad Bavarian, Heewoo Jun, Nikolas Tezak +4

We show that autoregressive language models can learn to infill text after we apply a straightforward transformation to the dataset, which simply moves a span of text from the midd…

cs.LG2021★ 23 cited

Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Karl Cobbe, Vineet Kosaraju, Mohammad Bavarian +9

State-of-the-art language models can match human performance on many tasks, but they still struggle to robustly perform multi-step mathematical reasoning. To diagnose the failures…

cs.LG2021★ 1.5k cited

Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Mark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun +55

We introduce Codex, a GPT language model fine-tuned on publicly available code from GitHub, and study its Python code-writing capabilities. A distinct production version of Codex p…