When Does Small Data Work? Accuracy and Efficiency Trade-offs Between Tabular Foundation Models and Conventional Methods for Crowd-State Classification at Hajj and Umrah

AlJawharh S. AlOtaibi, Mohamed Eltahir, Jude AlSubaie

Learning from few labeled examples is a central challenge in tabular machine learning, and it becomes the binding constraint in domains where labeling is costly, such as crowd moni…