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Characterizing the Expressivity of Local Attention in Transformers
Jiaoda Li, Ryan Cotterell
The transformer is the most popular neural architecture for language modeling. The cornerstone of the transformer is its global attention mechanism, which lets the model aggregate…
Probability Distributions Computed by Autoregressive Transformers
Andy Yang, Anej Svete, Jiaoda Li +4
Most expressivity results for transformers treat them as language recognizers -- devices that accept or reject strings -- rather than as they are used in practice: as language mode…
Characterizing the Expressivity of Fixed-Precision Transformer Language Models
Jiaoda Li, Ryan Cotterell
Transformer-based language models (LMs) have achieved widespread empirical success, but their theoretical expressive power remains only partially understood. In this work, we analy…
What Do Language Models Learn in Context? The Structured Task Hypothesis
Jiaoda Li, Yifan Hou, Mrinmaya Sachan +1
Large language models (LLMs) exhibit an intriguing ability to learn a novel task from in-context examples presented in a demonstration, termed in-context learning (ICL). Understand…
A Transformer with Stack Attention
Jiaoda Li, Jennifer C. White, Mrinmaya Sachan +1
Natural languages are believed to be (mildly) context-sensitive. Despite underpinning remarkably capable large language models, transformers are unable to model many context-free l…
Towards a Mechanistic Interpretation of Multi-Step Reasoning Capabilities of Language Models
Yifan Hou, Jiaoda Li, Yu Fei +5
Recent work has shown that language models (LMs) have strong multi-step (i.e., procedural) reasoning capabilities. However, it is unclear whether LMs perform these tasks by cheatin…
Probing via Prompting
Jiaoda Li, Ryan Cotterell, Mrinmaya Sachan
Probing is a popular method to discern what linguistic information is contained in the representations of pre-trained language models. However, the mechanism of selecting the probe…
Vision Matters When It Should: Sanity Checking Multimodal Machine Translation Models
Jiaoda Li, Duygu Ataman, Rico Sennrich
Multimodal machine translation (MMT) systems have been shown to outperform their text-only neural machine translation (NMT) counterparts when visual context is available. However,…
Differentiable Subset Pruning of Transformer Heads
Jiaoda Li, Ryan Cotterell, Mrinmaya Sachan
Multi-head attention, a collection of several attention mechanisms that independently attend to different parts of the input, is the key ingredient in the Transformer. Recent work…