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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning in Large Language Models: A Formal Language Learning Perspective

Bishwamittra Ghosh, Soumi Das, Till Speicher +5

Large language models (LLMs) operate in two fundamental learning modes - fine-tuning (FT) and in-context learning (ICL) - raising key questions about which mode yields greater lang…

cs.CL2026

LoRA on the Go: Instance-level Dynamic LoRA Selection and Merging

Seungeon Lee, Soumi Das, Manish Gupta +1

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a parameter-efficient approach for fine-tuning large language models. However, conventional LoRA adapters are typically trained for a sing…

cs.CL2026

Rote Learning Considered Useful: Generalizing over Memorized Data in LLMs

Qinyuan Wu, Soumi Das, Mahsa Amani +4

Rote learning is a memorization technique based on repetition. Many researchers argue that rote learning hinders generalization because it encourages verbatim memorization rather t…

cs.CL2026

In Agents We Trust, but Who Do Agents Trust? Latent Source Preferences Steer LLM Generations

Mohammad Aflah Khan, Mahsa Amani, Soumi Das +5

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed as interfaces to information on online platforms. These agents filter, prioritize, and synthesize infor…

cs.CL2024

Towards Reliable Latent Knowledge Estimation in LLMs: Zero-Prompt Many-Shot Based Factual Knowledge Extraction

Qinyuan Wu, Mohammad Aflah Khan, Soumi Das +7

In this paper, we focus on the challenging task of reliably estimating factual knowledge that is embedded inside large language models (LLMs). To avoid reliability concerns with pr…

cs.CL2024

Understanding Memorisation in LLMs: Dynamics, Influencing Factors, and Implications

Till Speicher, Mohammad Aflah Khan, Qinyuan Wu +5

Understanding whether and to what extent large language models (LLMs) have memorised training data has important implications for the reliability of their output and the privacy of…