Innovations in Surface Modification Techniques: Advancing Hydrophilic \textit{LiYF${}_4$:Yb, Er, Tm} Upconversion Nanoparticles and Their Applications

Shahriar Esmaeili, Navid Rajil, Ayla Hazrathosseini +8

The development and application of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique optical properties and potential uses in bioimaging, d…